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ACS Infectious Diseases Special Issue Focused on Gut Pathogens.
ACS Infectious Diseases ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00432 Wesley C Van Voorhis 1 , Félix Calderón 2
ACS Infectious Diseases ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00432 Wesley C Van Voorhis 1 , Félix Calderón 2
Affiliation
The first years of a child’s life have a profound impact on their lifelong health. In addition to other environmental factors, nutrition plays a fundamental role; an inadequate uptake of nutrients is recognized as a critical factor for irreversible damage affecting their cognitive development and growth. Thus, a key event during the first year of life is the maturation of a healthy microbiome ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) of the newborn. During this time, the infant GI will evolve from near-sterility to a well-balanced colonized equilibrium critical for the correct absorption of nutrients.(1) Factors like malnutrition or continuous exposure to pathogens can alter this maturation of the microbiome and damage the gut, limiting the absorption of nutrients. In fact, the synergy of malnutrition, an improper microbiome, and repetitive infections in the early years can have a long-term effect, also called environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), that can drive alterations in small bowel function accompanied by altered mucosal architecture and inflammation. EED is characterized by a diminished capacity of intestinal absorption and increased intestinal permeability and can lead to different intestinal syndromes, including chronic diarrhea, gastroenteritis, dysentery, enterocolitis, and steatorrhea.(2−4) Improvements in access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH interventions) are contributing to the decrease of diseases associated with gut pathogens.(5,6) However, it is calculated that 2.4 billion people still live without adequate sanitation.(6) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Diarrhea is the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day, or more frequently than is normal for the individual. It is usually a symptom of gastrointestinal infection, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms”. In fact, gut-related pathogens account for more than 500,000 deaths and nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal cases every year.(7) Today, diarrhea remains a leading cause of illness and deaths in children under five.(8,9) In contrast, diarrheal infections in immunocompetent adults are usually self-limiting episodes that, in most instances, do not require pharmacological treatment.(10) In addition to diarrhea, there are multiple mechanisms in which pathogens can impair the correct functioning of the gut.(11−13) These events include alterations in the structure and function of the tight junctions, gut inflammation, ulcers, and abnormal induction of fluids and electrolytes. A wide-range of pathogens, including viruses (e.g., Rotavirus, caliciviruses, astroviruses, Norovirus, etc.), bacteria (e.g., enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholera, etc.), and parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, soil-transmitted helminths, Entamoeba histolytica, etc.) can alter the gut function. To contribute to the development of the gut pathogens field, ACS Infectious Diseases has scheduled for April 2021 the publication of a special issue focused on gut pathogens. Scientists and organizations working in the field are highly encouraged to submit their research article or perspective on this topic for this special issue (submission deadline: November 2020). Topics on scope include discovery and development of new therapeutics (small molecule and biologicals), validation of new drug targets, studies leading to the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics necessary to target gut pathogens, host–pathogen interactions, development of tools to dissect the mechanisms of pathogenesis, new vaccines and adjuvants, advances in the development of diagnostics, mechanistic investigations of antimicrobial resistance, novel drug delivery systems, and understanding the role of the microbiome and pathogenesis of gut infections. For details on manuscript preparation and submission, please visit the following Web site: http://pubs.acs.org/page/aidcbc/submission/index.html. We hope this exciting special issue highlighting infectious diseases affecting the developing world will bring great interest to our readership and inspire continued drug discovery efforts. Views expressed in this editorial are those of the authors and not necessarily the views of the ACS. This article references 13 other publications.
更新日期：2019-12-23
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