The realization of ultrafast integrated opto-optical switches with ultra-low switching energies remains an ongoing challenge. Broadband, silicon-compatible devices relying on gap plasmons and saturable absorption in graphene could pave the way forward.

中文翻译：

---

超快的低能耗全光交换

具有超低开关能量的超快速集成光电开关的实现仍然是一个持续的挑战。依靠间隙等离激元和石墨烯中的饱和吸收的宽带，与硅兼容的设备可以为未来发展铺平道路。