When developing industrial biotechnology processes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast or brewer's yeast) is a popular choice as a microbial host. Many tools have been developed in the fields of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to introduce heterologous pathways and tune their expression in yeast. Such tools mainly focus on controlling transcription, whereas post‐transcriptional regulation is often overlooked. Herein we discuss regulatory elements found in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and their influence on protein synthesis. We provide not only an overall picture, but also a set of design rules on how to engineer a 5′ UTR. The reader is also referred to currently available models that allow gene expression to be tuned predictably using different 5′ UTRs.

中文翻译：

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5' 非翻译区：酵母合成生物学的下一个调控序列

在开发工业生物技术工艺时，酿酒酵母（面包酵母或啤酒酵母）是作为微生物宿主的流行选择。合成生物学和代谢工程领域已经开发了许多工具来引入异源途径并调整它们在酵母中的表达。这些工具主要集中在控制转录上，而转录后调控往往被忽视。在此，我们讨论了在 5' 非翻译区 (UTR) 中发现的调控元件及其对蛋白质合成的影响。我们不仅提供了整体图景，还提供了一套关于如何设计 5' UTR 的设计规则。读者还可以参考当前可用的模型，这些模型允许使用不同的 5' UTR 可预测地调整基因表达。