Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who achieve morphologic remission in the bone marrow after initial treatment often continue to harbor residual leukemic cells that can give rise to disease relapse. Achievement of a deeper remission has been associated with a reduced risk of relapse and improved event-free and overall survival in several studies. However, standardization of diagnostic techniques, sample acquisition and test timing are needed before minimal, also known as measurable, residual disease (MRD) quantification can be used to guide treatment decision making. Furthermore, clinical trial evidence that preemptive intervention at MRD level can alter the natural history of AML is required. Herein, we outline the current landscape of MRD assessment in AML, summarize the available evidence and challenges, and highlight the potential for MRD status to serve as a surrogate endpoint for hard clinical outcomes and as an approvable endpoint in clinical trials for regulatory purposes.

初次治疗后在骨髓中达到形态缓解的急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）患者经常继续携带可能导致疾病复发的残留白血病细胞。在一些研究中，实现更深的缓解与降低复发风险，改善无事件生存率和总体生存率有关。但是，在最小限度（也称为可测量的残留疾病（MRD））量化可用于指导治疗决策之前，需要对诊断技术，样品采集和测试时间进行标准化。此外，需要临床试验证据表明在MRD级别进行先发制人的干预可以改变AML的自然病史。在此，我们概述了AML中MRD评估的现状，总结了可用的证据和挑战，