Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have great potential in the treatment of various diseases. As a novel type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MenSCs have attracted more interest due to their therapeutic effects in both animal models and clinical trials. Here, we described the differentiation, immunomodulation, paracrine, homing, and engraftment mechanisms of MenSCs. These include differentiation into targeting cells, immunomodulation with various immune cells, the paracrine effect on secreting cytokines, and homing and engraftment into injured sites. To better conduct MenSC-based therapy, some novel hotspots were proposed such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas9-mediated gene modification, exosomes for cell-free therapy, single-cell RNA sequence for precision medicine, engineered MenSC-based therapy for the delivery platform, and stem cell niches for improving microenvironment. Subsequently, current challenges were elaborated on, with regard to age of donor, dose of MenSCs, transplantation route, and monitoring time. The management of clinical research with respect to MenSC-based therapy in diseases will become more normative and strict. Thus, a more comprehensive horizon should be considered that includes a combination of traditional solutions and novel strategies. In summary, MenSC-based treatment has a great potential in treating diseases through diverse strategies, and more therapeutic mechanisms and novel strategies need to be elucidated for future regenerative medicine and clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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月经血源性干细胞：在疾病治疗中的治疗机制，新颖策略和未来观点。

经血来源的干细胞（MenSCs）在治疗各种疾病方面具有巨大潜力。作为一种新型的间充质干细胞（MSC），MenSC由于在动物模型和临床试验中均具有治疗作用而引起了人们的兴趣。在这里，我们描述了MenSCs的分化，免疫调节，旁分泌，归巢和植入机制。这些包括分化成靶细胞，用各种免疫细胞进行免疫调节，对分泌细胞因子的旁分泌作用以及归巢和植入受损部位。为了更好地进行基于MenSC的治疗，有人提出了一些新的热点，例如CRISPR（聚簇的规则间隔的短回文重复序列）/ cas9介导的基因修饰，用于无细胞治疗的外泌体，用于精密医学的单细胞RNA序列，针对交付平台设计了基于MenSC的疗法，并为改善微环境设计了干细胞壁ches。随后，就捐赠者的年龄，MenSCs的剂量，移植途径和监测时间等方面，详细阐述了当前的挑战。与基于MenSC的疾病治疗有关的临床研究管理将变得更加规范和严格。因此，应该考虑更全面的视野，包括传统解决方案和新颖策略的结合。总之，基于MenSC的治疗在通过多种策略治疗疾病方面具有巨大潜力，对于未来的再生医学和临床应用，需要阐明更多的治疗机制和新策略。详细阐述了当前的挑战，涉及捐赠者的年龄，MenSCs的剂量，移植途径和监测时间。与基于MenSC的疾病治疗有关的临床研究管理将变得更加规范和严格。因此，应该考虑更全面的视野，包括传统解决方案和新颖策略的结合。总之，基于MenSC的治疗在通过多种策略治疗疾病方面具有巨大潜力，对于未来的再生医学和临床应用，需要阐明更多的治疗机制和新策略。详细阐述了当前的挑战，涉及捐赠者的年龄，MenSCs的剂量，移植途径和监测时间。与基于MenSC的疾病治疗有关的临床研究管理将变得更加规范和严格。因此，应该考虑更全面的视野，包括传统解决方案和新颖策略的结合。总之，基于MenSC的治疗在通过多种策略治疗疾病方面具有巨大潜力，对于未来的再生医学和临床应用，需要阐明更多的治疗机制和新策略。应该考虑更全面的视野，包括传统解决方案和新颖策略的结合。总之，基于MenSC的治疗在通过多种策略治疗疾病方面具有巨大潜力，对于未来的再生医学和临床应用，需要阐明更多的治疗机制和新策略。应该考虑更全面的视野，包括传统解决方案和新颖策略的结合。总之，基于MenSC的治疗在通过多种策略治疗疾病方面具有巨大潜力，对于未来的再生医学和临床应用，需要阐明更多的治疗机制和新策略。