Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially changed the field of oncology over the past few years. ICIs offer an alternative treatment strategy by exploiting the patients' immune system, resulting in a T cell mediated anti-tumor response. These therapies are effective in multiple different tumor types. Unfortunately, a substantial group of patients do not respond to ICIs. Molecular imaging, using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), can provide non-invasive whole-body visualization of tumor and immune cell characteristics and might support patient selection or response evaluations for ICI therapies. In this review, recent studies with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging, imaging of immune checkpoints and imaging of immune cells will be discussed. These studies are until now mainly exploratory, but the first results suggest that molecular imaging biomarkers could have a role in the evaluation of ICI therapy.

过去几年，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）极大地改变了肿瘤学领域。 ICI 通过利用患者的免疫系统提供替代治疗策略，从而产生 T 细胞介导的抗肿瘤反应。这些疗法对多种不同的肿瘤类型有效。不幸的是，大量患者对 ICI 没有反应。使用单光子发射计算机断层扫描 (SPECT) 和正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 的分子成像可以提供肿瘤和免疫细胞特征的非侵入性全身可视化，并可能支持 ICI 疗法的患者选择或反应评估。在这篇综述中，将讨论¹⁸ F-氟脱氧葡萄糖-PET 成像、免疫检查点成像和免疫细胞成像的最新研究。到目前为止，这些研究主要是探索性的，但初步结果表明分子成像生物标志物可能在 ICI 治疗的评估中发挥作用。