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An electrophysiological characterization of naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids and their action on human α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Phytochemistry ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112187
Omar Alijevic 1 , Damian McHugh 1 , Lucien Rufener 2 , Anatoly Mazurov 1 , Julia Hoeng 1 , Manuel Peitsch 1
Affiliation  

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype-selective pharmacological profiles of tobacco alkaloids are essential for understanding the physiological effects of tobacco products. In this study, automated electrophysiology was used to functionally characterize the effects of distinct groups of tobacco alkaloids on human α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. We found that, in tobacco alkaloids, pyridine as a hydrogen bond acceptor and a basic nitrogen atom at a distance of 4-7 Å are pharmacophoric elements necessary for molecular recognition by α4β2 and α7 nAChRs with various degrees of selectivity, potency, and efficacy. While four alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and R-anatabine-potently activated α4β2, they were also weak agonists of α7 nAChRs. Nicotine was the most potent agonist of α4β2, while anabasine elicited the highest activation of α7. None of the tobacco alkaloids enhanced nAChR activity elicited by the endogenous ligand acetylcholine; therefore, none was considered to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of either α4β2 or α7 nAChRs. In contrast, we identified tobacco alkaloids, such as the tryptophan metabolite 6-hydroxykynurenic acid, that decreased the activity of both α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. Our study identified a class of alkaloids with positive and negative effects against human α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. It also revealed human α4β2 to be the principal receptor for sensing the most abundant alkaloids in tobacco leaves.

中文翻译:

天然烟草生物碱的电生理特征及其对人 α4β2 和 α7 烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的作用

烟草生物碱的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体 (nAChR) 亚型选择性药理学特征对于了解烟草产品的生理作用至关重要。在这项研究中,自动电生理学用于功能表征不同类型的烟草生物碱对人类 α4β2 和 α7 nAChRs 的影响。我们发现,在烟草生物碱中,作为氢键受体的吡啶和距离 4-7 Å 的碱性氮原子是 α4β2 和 α7 nAChR 分子识别所必需的药效元素,具有不同程度的选择性、效力和功效。虽然四种生物碱——尼古丁、降烟碱、大麻素和 R-大麻素——有效激活 α4β2,但它们也是 α7 nAChRs 的弱激动剂。尼古丁是 α4β2 最有效的激动剂,而 anabasine 引起 α7 的最高激活。没有一种烟草生物碱能增强内源性配体乙酰胆碱引起的 nAChR 活性;因此,没有一种被认为是 α4β2 或 α7 nAChR 的正变构调节剂 (PAM)。相比之下,我们发现了烟草生物碱,例如色氨酸代谢物 6-羟基犬尿氨酸,它们会降低 α4β2 和 α7 nAChRs 的活性。我们的研究确定了一类对人类 α4β2 和 α7 nAChR 具有正面和负面影响的生物碱。它还揭示了人类 α4β2 是感知烟叶中最丰富的生物碱的主要受体。例如色氨酸代谢物 6-羟基犬尿氨酸,它降低了 α4β2 和 α7 nAChRs 的活性。我们的研究确定了一类对人类 α4β2 和 α7 nAChR 具有正面和负面影响的生物碱。它还揭示了人类 α4β2 是感知烟叶中最丰富的生物碱的主要受体。例如色氨酸代谢物 6-羟基犬尿氨酸,它降低了 α4β2 和 α7 nAChRs 的活性。我们的研究确定了一类对人类 α4β2 和 α7 nAChR 具有正面和负面影响的生物碱。它还揭示了人类 α4β2 是感知烟叶中最丰富的生物碱的主要受体。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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