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Premature deaths by visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil investigated through a cohort study: A challenging opportunity?
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007841
Ana Nilce S Maia-Elkhoury 1 , Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero 2 , Samantha Y O B Valadas 1 , Marcia L Sousa-Gomes 3 , José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso 4 , Elisa Cupolillo 5 , Jose Antonio Ruiz-Postigo 6 , Daniel Argaw 6 , Manuel J Sanchez-Vazquez 7
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis because it can lead to death. In the Americas, 96% of cases are in Brazil, and despite efforts, the fatality rate has increased in the past years. We analyzed deaths associated to VL in Brazil and investigated the factors that could influence on the timeliness of fatal outcome with emphasis on time (tStoD). METHODOLOGY The registered deaths by VL were sourced from the Brazilian National Notification System from 2007-2014. Through a retrospective cohort study, univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis were performed and investigated the factors that could influence the time (tStoD). These factors were analyzed through survival models. RESULTS Out of the 1,589 reported deaths, the median for onset of the symptoms and the case notification date (tStoN) is 25 days (10-61), and for date of case notification and death (tNotD) is 9 days (4-17). The time (tStoN) to event investigation for HIV non-infected individuals was 1.4 (1.16-1.68) greater than the HIV positive group. At the same time peri-urban and urban area were 0.83 (0.47-1.44) and 1.33 (1.16-1.52), respectively. The explorations revealed apparent differences between the time to event investigation (both for tStoN and tNotD) and the age at the onset of the symptoms. According to the tStoN the rate of notification is 1.73 times greater in patients under 5 years old at the onset of the clinical symptoms compared to older patients. CONCLUSION VL patients under 5 years old were diagnosed earlier and had shorter survival. It could mean that in younger population, although properly diagnosed, the fatality pattern might be related to the severity of the disease. Main host characteristics were evaluated, and age and co-infections seem to have an impact in the disease progression.

中文翻译:

通过队列研究调查巴西内脏利什曼病导致的过早死亡:一个具有挑战性的机会?

背景技术内脏利什曼病(VL)是利什曼病最严重的形式,因为它可以导致死亡。在美洲,96%的病例发生在巴西,尽管做出了努力,但过去几年死亡率仍在上升。我们分析了巴西与 VL 相关的死亡情况,并调查了可能影响致命结果及时性的因素,重点关注时间 (tStoD)。方法 VL 登记的死亡人数来源于 2007 年至 2014 年巴西国家通报系统。通过回顾性队列研究,进行单变量和多变量Cox比例风险模型分析,探讨影响时间(tStoD)的因素。通过生存模型分析这些因素。结果 在报告的 1,589 例死亡中,症状出现和病例通知日期 (tStoN) 的中位数为 25 天 (10-61),病例通知和死亡日期 (tNotD) 的中位数为 9 天 (4-17) )。HIV 非感染者的事件调查时间 (tStoN) 比 HIV 阳性组长 1.4 (1.16-1.68)。与此同时,城郊和城市地区分别为 0.83 (0.47-1.44) 和 1.33 (1.16-1.52)。这些探索揭示了事件调查时间(tStoN 和 tNotD)与症状出现年龄之间存在明显差异。根据 tStoN 的数据,5 岁以下患者出现临床症状时的通知率是老年患者的 1.73 倍。结论 5岁以下VL患者诊断较早,生存期较短。这可能意味着,在较年轻的人群中,尽管诊断正确,但死亡模式可能与疾病的严重程度有关。对主要宿主特征进行了评估,年龄和合并感染似乎对疾病进展有影响。
更新日期:2019-12-20
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