The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is likely to triple in a few decades as the world's population ages. Given the high personal and societal burden of this disease, it is imperative to identify its risk factors. The etiology of AD is still not fully understood, but environmental factors have emerged as plausible important risk factors on the population-level. In this short review, the author summarizes literature on air pollution, noise and (lack of) greenness as risk factors for AD. In conclusion, a link between air pollution and AD is supported by experimental studies as well as epidemiological studies, although a multi-exposure approach is lacking in most epidemiological studies. Although evidence is much more limited regarding noise and (lack of) greenness as risk factors for AD, future epidemiological studies should have a multi-exposure approach in order to separate potential effects of air pollution, noise and lack of greenness. Given the heavy toll of AD on individuals and society, as well as the ubiquitous nature of environmental factors, a link between environmental stressors and AD deserves special attention.

中文翻译：

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简短回顾：空气污染，噪音和缺乏绿色是阿尔茨海默氏病的流行病学和实验证据。

随着世界人口的老龄化，在几十年内，阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的患者人数可能会增加两倍。鉴于这种疾病给个人和社会带来了沉重负担，因此必须确定其危险因素。对AD的病因学仍未完全了解，但环境因素已成为在人群水平上看似合理的重要危险因素。在这篇简短的评论中，作者总结了有关空气污染，噪声和（缺乏）绿色作为AD危险因素的文献。总之，尽管大多数流行病学研究都缺乏多重接触的方法，但实验研究和流行病学研究都支持空气污染与AD之间的联系。尽管关于噪音和（缺乏）绿色作为AD的危险因素的证据非常有限，未来的流行病学研究应采用多重接触的方法，以区分空气污染，噪声和缺乏绿色的潜在影响。鉴于AD对个人和社会造成的巨大损失，以及环境因素无处不在的性质，环境压力因素与AD之间的联系值得特别关注。