Determination of intracellular concentration becomes essential for the drugs having target receptors or bioactivation site inside the cells. Majority of the antiviral drugs are nucleoside analogs and their intracellular phosphorylated metabolites are active. The anticancer drugs of the cellular enzyme and nucleoside analog category are also required to be undergone intracellular drug level analysis. In this review, we have sequentially described the cell isolation protocols, cell lysis techniques and sample preparation approach to be followed for quantification of intracellular levels of selected antiviral and anticancer drugs. Major limitations for intracellular analyte quantification and their possible way out has been discussed. Currently, no literature is available summarizing these important aspects including bioanalysis of intracellular quantification of either antiviral or anticancer drugs. This review, thus, can be considered to be first of its kind and will be highly useful in providing guidance for intracellular drug analysis aiming determination of the site-specific bioavailability.

中文翻译：

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目前对细胞内药物定量的常规和技术指导：一种新的针对特定部位的生物利用度预测方法。

对于细胞内具有靶受体或生物激活位点的药物而言，细胞内浓度的确定变得至关重要。大多数抗病毒药物是核苷类似物，它们的细胞内磷酸化代谢产物具有活性。还需要对细胞酶和核苷类似物类别的抗癌药物进行细胞内药物水平分析。在这篇综述中，我们依次描述了细胞分离方案，细胞裂解技术和样品制备方法，以量化所选抗病毒药和抗癌药的细胞内水平。讨论了细胞内分析物定量的主要限制及其可能的出路。目前，目前尚无文献总结这些重要方面，包括对抗病毒药或抗癌药进行细胞内定量分析的生物分析。因此，该综述可被认为是同类研究中的第一篇，对于提供旨在确定特定部位生物利用度的细胞内药物分析的指导非常有用。