Comparison of Japanese and Indian intestinal microbiota shows diet-dependent interaction between bacteria and fungi.,npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

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Comparison of Japanese and Indian intestinal microbiota shows diet-dependent interaction between bacteria and fungi.
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-20 , DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0110-9
Siddhika Pareek _{1,

2,

3} , Takashi Kurakawa _{1,

2} , Bhabatosh Das ₄ , Daisuke Motooka ₅ , Shuuichi Nakaya ₆ , Temsunaro Rongsen-Chandola ₇ , Nidhi Goyal ₇ , Hisako Kayama _{1,

2,

3} , Dylan Dodd ₈ , Ryu Okumura _{1,

2,

3} , Yuichi Maeda _{1,

2,

9} , Kosuke Fujimoto _{1,

9} , Takuro Nii _{1,

2,

9} , Takao Ogawa _{1,

2,

9} , Tetsuya Iida _{5,

10} , Nita Bhandari ₇ , Toshiyuki Kida ₁₁ , Shota Nakamura ₅ , G Balakrish Nair ₄ , Kiyoshi Takeda _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
2WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan.
4Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001 India.
5Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
6Global Applications Development Center, Shimadzu Corp, Kyoto, 604-8511 Japan.
7Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, 110016 India.
8Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
9Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
10Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
11Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.

The bacterial species living in the gut mediate many aspects of biological processes such as nutrition and activation of adaptive immunity. In addition, commensal fungi residing in the intestine also influence host health. Although the interaction of bacterium and fungus has been shown, its precise mechanism during colonization of the human intestine remains largely unknown. Here, we show interaction between bacterial and fungal species for utilization of dietary components driving their efficient growth in the intestine. Next generation sequencing of fecal samples from Japanese and Indian adults revealed differential patterns of bacterial and fungal composition. In particular, Indians, who consume more plant polysaccharides than Japanese, harbored increased numbers of Prevotella and Candida. Candida spp. showed strong growth responses to the plant polysaccharide arabinoxylan in vitro. Furthermore, the culture supernatants of Candida spp. grown with arabinoxylan promoted rapid proliferation of Prevotella copri. Arabinose was identified as a potential growth-inducing factor in the Candida culture supernatants. Candida spp. exhibited a growth response to xylose, but not to arabinose, whereas P. copri proliferated in response to both xylose and arabinose. Candida spp., but not P. copri, colonized the intestine of germ-free mice. However, P. copri successfully colonized mouse intestine already harboring Candida. These findings demonstrate a proof of concept that fungal members of gut microbiota can facilitate a colonization of the intestine by their bacterial counterparts, potentially mediated by a dietary metabolite.

中文翻译：

日本和印度肠道菌群的比较显示细菌和真菌之间的饮食依赖性相互作用。

生活在肠道中的细菌物种介导了生物过程的许多方面，例如营养和适应性免疫的激活。另外，驻留在肠道中的共生真菌也影响宿主的健康。尽管已经显示出细菌和真菌的相互作用，但是在人类肠道定殖过程中其确切的机制仍然未知。在这里，我们显示了细菌和真菌物种之间的相互作用，以利用饮食成分驱动其在肠道中的有效生长。来自日本和印度成年人的粪便样品的下一代测序揭示了细菌和真菌组成的不同模式。特别是，与日本人相比，植物多糖消费量更多的印度人所携带的Prevotella和Candida数量有所增加。念珠菌属在体外对植物多糖阿拉伯木聚糖表现出强烈的生长反应。此外，念珠菌的培养上清液。与阿拉伯木聚糖共同生长可促进普氏杆菌迅速增殖。在念珠菌培养物上清液中，阿拉伯糖被鉴定为潜在的生长诱导因子。念珠菌属对木糖表现出生长反应，但对阿拉伯糖没有反应，而木瓜假单胞菌在对木糖和阿拉伯糖的反应中均增殖。念珠菌属（Candida spp。）而不是鸡冠状杆菌（P. copri）在无菌小鼠的肠道内定植。但是，P。copri成功地定殖了已经带有念珠菌的小鼠小肠。这些发现证明了概念的证据，即肠道微生物群的真菌成员可以促进其细菌对应物在肠道中的定殖，这可能是由饮食代谢产物介导的。

更新日期：2019-12-20

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