Accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve the treatment and prognosis of respiratory disease, especially lung cancer. Tumors and lesions located deep in the lung are directly accessible via dendritic tracheal bronchus, thereby opening a new way to tackle respiratory disease. Intratracheal delivery is an innovative, noninvasive approach for imaging and treating respiratory disease efficiently, when compared with other delivery methods. Intratracheal delivery of nano- and microparticles and hyperpolarized gases offers valuable clinical advantages, such as assessing lung function, monitoring ventilation and perfusion, controlling disease progression, and inhibiting tumor growth. Especially, versatile nanosized particles have enormous potential to benefit precision imaging and therapy at the molecular level. Here we discuss advances of intratracheal delivery of nano- and microparticles and hyperpolarized gases for respiratory disease imaging and treatment, with an emphasis on intratracheal nanoparticles delivery for pulmonary imaging, which has extremely valuable clinical applications in precise theranostics for respiratory disease.

中文翻译：

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纳米和微粒以及超极化气体的气管内递送：一种用于呼吸系统疾病成像和治疗的有前景的策略

准确诊断对于改善呼吸系统疾病尤其是肺癌的治疗和预后至关重要。位于肺部深处的肿瘤和病变可通过树突状气管支气管直接进入，从而为应对呼吸系统疾病开辟了新途径。与其他递送方法相比，气管内递送是一种创新的、无创的方法，可以有效地成像和治疗呼吸道疾病。纳米和微粒以及超极化气体的气管内递送提供了宝贵的临床优势，例如评估肺功能、监测通气和灌注、控制疾病进展和抑制肿瘤生长。特别是，多功能纳米颗粒具有在分子水平上有利于精确成像和治疗的巨大潜力。