Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process and has been known to play an important role in age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that exhibit actions mainly through activating type 1 and type 2 CysLT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Accumulating evidence shows that CysLT1 and CysLT2 are activated at different stages of pathological process in various cell types in the brain such as vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to insults. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CysLT1 and CysLT2 in regulating the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are not fully understood. In this article, we focus on current advances that link activation of CysLT1 and CysLT2 to the pathological process during brain ischemia and neurodegeneration and discuss mechanisms by which CysLT1 and CysLT2 mediate inflammatory process and brain injury. Multitarget anti-inflammatory potentials of CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonism for neuroinflammation and brain injury will also be reviewed.

中文翻译：

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半胱氨酰白三烯 1 和 2 受体对神经炎症的调节：对脑缺血和神经退行性疾病的影响

神经炎症是一个复杂的生物学过程，已知在与年龄相关的脑血管和神经退行性疾病（如脑缺血、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）中发挥重要作用。半胱氨酰白三烯 (CysLT) 是有效的炎症脂质介质，主要通过激活 1 型和 2 型 CysLT 受体（CysLT1 和 CysLT2）发挥作用。越来越多的证据表明，CysLT1 和 CysLT2 在大脑中各种细胞类型的病理过程的不同阶段被激活，如血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元响应损伤。然而，CysLT1 和 CysLT2 在调节脑缺血、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病发病机制中的确切作用和机制尚不完全清楚。在本文中，我们将重点介绍将 CysLT1 和 CysLT2 的激活与脑缺血和神经变性过程中的病理过程联系起来的最新进展，并讨论 CysLT1 和 CysLT2 介导炎症过程和脑损伤的机制。还将审查 CysLT1 和 CysLT2 拮抗神经炎症和脑损伤的多靶点抗炎潜力。