BACKGROUND The new second-generation computer system BS-II (Bio-Spine-II) based on the National Instruments' development environment has been designed and constructed for evaluating the stability of various surgical fixative methods of the cadaverous lumbar spine (L1-L5). BS-II holds the measured sample using aluminum fixtures and using four computer-controlled stepper motors; it performs a circular movement (warm up of the specimen), programmatically driven extension (back bend), right and left lateral flexion (lateral bend), left and right axial torsion (rotation), and axial compression (pressure). Four strain gauges are used to measure the stiffness of the sample. The movement of individual components (vertebrae) is contactlessly monitored by two CCD (charge couple device) cameras. The obtained data are in digital form continuously stored in the computer memory for further processing. METHODS The functionality of the equipment was verified on the cadaverous specimen of the human spine. The stiffness of the sample was measured by strain gauges, and the results were processed using linear regression analysis. Movements of vertebrae were determined by circular discs covered with appropriate patterns. The discs have been linked with the respective vertebrae and were contactlessly monitored by two CCD (charge couple device) cameras and evaluated using digital image processing methods and 2D digital FFT (fast Fourier transformation). Direction and displacement of the individual components were determined by the band of the calculated spectrum. The new device BS-II is controlled by a modifiable computer program designed in the National Instruments' development environment which allows statistical processing of the sample, including its warming up. RESULTS The computer system BS-II for measurement of biomechanical properties of the spine sample was designed. Functionality of the device was verified by implementation of LUMIR XLIF CAGE implant into a cadaver sample of the human spine. Comparison of the rigidity of the intact and stabilized sample is shown in the graphs of article. The achieved results contributed to certification of the implant into the surgical practice. CONCLUSION The designed computer BS-II system is designed for biomechanical measurements of the lumbar part of the human spine, especially for verification of surgical fixation methods. The system is based on the knowledge and experience with a manually operated measuring device designed by Palacky University Olomouc. The computer programmatic control allows the user to change the conditions and parameters of the measurement procedure in a planned way, which allows the results to be processed in, among other things, a statistical way. If suitable models are used (3D printing), the BS-II system can be used to verify procedures for surgical stabilization of the spine in the training of future doctors. The obtained data of stiffness and image information are stored in digital form and can be used for next offline sophisticated study of biomechanical properties of specimens (accurate vertebral geometry, statistical processing, 3D printing, etc.). The usefulness of the BS-II system is demonstrated in the case of biomechanical analysis of the implantation of LUMIR XLIF CAGE implant to a human cadaver specimen of the spine.

中文翻译：

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用于计算机测量人体尸体腰椎生物力学特征的原型 BS-II。


背景技术基于美国国家仪器公司开发环境设计构建的新型第二代计算机系统BS-II（Bio-Spine-II），用于评估尸体腰椎（L1-L5）各种手术固定方法的稳定性。 。 BS-II使用铝制夹具和四个计算机控制的步进电机来固定被测样品；它执行圆周运动（样本预热）、程序驱动的伸展（后弯）、左右侧屈（侧弯）、左右轴向扭转（旋转）和轴向压缩（压力）。使用四个应变仪来测量样品的刚度。各个部件（椎骨）的运动由两个 CCD（电荷耦合器件）摄像机进行非接触式监控。获得的数据以数字形式连续存储在计算机存储器中以供进一步处理。方法 在人体脊柱尸体标本上验证了设备的功能。通过应变仪测量样品的刚度，并使用线性回归分析对结果进行处理。椎骨的运动由覆盖有适当图案的圆盘决定。这些椎间盘已与相应的椎骨相连，并由两个 CCD（电荷耦合器件）相机进行非接触式监控，并使用数字图像处理方法和 2D 数字 FFT（快速傅里叶变换）进行评估。各个组件的方向和位移由计算的光谱带确定。新设备 BS-II 由在国家仪器开发环境中设计的可修改计算机程序控制，该程序允许对样本进行统计处理，包括其预热。 结果设计了脊柱样本生物力学特性测量计算机系统BS-II。通过将 LUMIR XLIF CAGE 植入人体脊柱尸体样本来验证该设备的功能。完整样品和稳定样品的刚性比较显示在文章的图表中。所取得的结果有助于对植入物进行外科手术的认证。结论所设计的计算机BS-II系统旨在用于人体脊柱腰部的生物力学测量，特别是用于手术固定方法的验证。该系统基于奥洛穆茨帕拉茨基大学设计的手动测量装置的知识和经验。计算机编程控制允许用户以有计划的方式改变测量过程的条件和参数，这允许以统计方式等方式处理结果。如果使用合适的模型（3D 打印），BS-II 系统可用于在未来医生的培训中验证脊柱手术稳定程序。获得的刚度数据和图像信息以数字形式存储，可用于下一步对标本生物力学特性的离线复杂研究（精确的椎骨几何形状、统计处理、3D打印等）。 BS-II 系统的实用性在将 LUMIR XLIF CAGE 植入物植入人类尸体脊柱标本的生物力学分析中得到了证明。