BACKGROUND Maternal obesity and high gestational weight gain (GWG) disproportionally affect low-income populations and may be associated with child neurodevelopment in a sex-specific manner. We examined sex-specific associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child neurodevelopment at age 7. METHODS Data are from a prospective low-income cohort of African American and Dominican women (n = 368; 44.8% male offspring) enrolled during the second half of pregnancy from 1998 to 2006. Neurodevelopment was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) at approximately child age 7. Linear regression estimated associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and child outcomes, adjusting for race/ethnicity, marital status, gestational age at delivery, maternal education, maternal IQ and child age. RESULTS Overweight affected 23.9% of mothers and obesity affected 22.6%. At age 7, full-scale IQ was higher among girls (99.7 ± 11.6) compared to boys (96.9 ± 13.3). Among boys, but not girls, prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower full-scale IQ scores [overweight β: - 7.1, 95% CI: (- 12.1, - 2.0); obesity β: - 5.7, 95% CI: (- 10.7, - 0.7)]. GWG was not associated with full-scale IQ in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower IQ among boys, but not girls, at 7 years. These findings are important considering overweight and obesity prevalence and the long-term implications of early cognitive development.

中文翻译：

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在低收入，多种族的出生队列中，孕前肥胖与男孩的认知结果相关。

背景技术孕妇肥胖和高妊娠体重增加（GWG）不成比例地影响低收入人群，并可能以性别特定的方式与儿童神经发育相关。我们检查了7岁时怀孕BMI，GWG和儿童神经发育之间的性别特异性关联。方法数据来自下半年登记的非洲裔美国人和多米尼加妇女的低收入队列（n = 368；男性后代为44.8％）。是从1998年至2006年的妊娠期间。使用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC-IV）在大约7岁儿童时测量了神经发育。线性回归估计了孕前BMI，GWG和儿童结局之间的关联，并根据种族/种族，婚姻状况进行了调整。 ，分娩时的胎龄，孕产妇教育，孕产妇智商和儿童年龄。结果超重受到影响23。9％的母亲和肥胖患病率为22.6％。在7岁时，女孩（99.7±11.6）的全面智商高于男孩（96.9±13.3）。在男孩而非女孩中，孕前超重和肥胖与较低的全面智商得分相关[超重β：-7.1，95％CI：（-12.1，-2.0）；肥胖β：-5.7，95％CI：（-10.7，-0.7）]。在任何性别中，GWG均与全面智商无关。结论妊娠前超重和肥胖与7岁男孩（而非女孩）的智商较低相关。考虑到超重和肥胖患病率以及早期认知发展的长期影响，这些发现非常重要。孕前超重和肥胖与较低的全面智商得分相关[超重β：-7.1，95％CI：（-12.1，-2.0）；肥胖β：-5.7，95％CI：（-10.7，-0.7）]。在任何性别中，GWG均与全面智商无关。结论妊娠前超重和肥胖与7岁男孩（而非女孩）的智商较低相关。考虑到超重和肥胖患病率以及早期认知发展的长期影响，这些发现非常重要。孕前超重和肥胖与较低的全面智商得分相关[超重β：-7.1，95％CI：（-12.1，-2.0）；肥胖β：-5.7，95％CI：（-10.7，-0.7）]。在任何性别中，GWG均与全面智商无关。结论妊娠前超重和肥胖与7岁男孩（而非女孩）的智商较低相关。考虑到超重和肥胖患病率以及早期认知发展的长期影响，这些发现非常重要。