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Low-dose empagliflozin as adjunct-to-insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes: A valid modelling and simulation analysis to confirm efficacy.
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 , DOI: 10.1111/dom.13945
Bruce A Perkins 1, 2 , Nima Soleymanlou 3 , Julio Rosenstock 4 , Jay S Skyler 5 , Lori M Laffel 6 , Karl-Heinz Liesenfeld 7 , Dietmar Neubacher 7 , Matthew M Riggs 8 , Curtis K Johnston 8 , Rena J Eudy-Byrne 8 , Ahmed Elmokadem 8 , Jyothis T George 9 , Jan Marquard 9 , Valerie Nock 7
Affiliation  

AIM To confirm the observed reduction in HbA1c for the 2.5 mg dose in EASE-3 by modelling and simulation analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Independent of data from EASE-3 that tested 2.5 mg, we simulated the effect of a 2.5 mg dose through patient-level, exposure-response modelling in the EASE-2 clinical study. A primary semi-mechanistic model evaluated efficacy considering clinical insulin dose adjustments made after treatment initiation that potentially limited HbA1c reductions. The model was informed by pharmacokinetic, insulin dose, mean daily glucose and HbA1c data, and was verified by comparing the simulations with the observed HbA1c change in EASE-3. One of two empagliflozin phase 3 trials in type 1 diabetes (EASE-3 but not EASE-2) included a lower 2.5 mg dose. A placebo-corrected HbA1c reduction of 0.28% was demonstrated without the increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis observed at higher doses (10 mg and 25 mg). Since only one trial included the lower dose, we aimed to confirm the observed reduction in HbA1c for the 2.5 mg dose by modelling and simulation analyses. RESULTS The simulated 26-week mean HbA1c change was -0.41% without insulin dose adjustment and -0.29% at 26 weeks with insulin dose adjustment. A simplified (descriptive) model excluding insulin dose and mean daily glucose confirmed the -0.29% HbA1c change that would have been observed had the EASE-2 population received a 2.5 mg dose for 26/52 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The HbA1c benefit of low-dose empagliflozin directly observed in the EASE-3 trial was confirmed by two modelling and simulation approaches.

中文翻译:

小剂量依帕列净在1型糖尿病中作为胰岛素的辅助疗法:有效的建模和模拟分析,以确认疗效。

目的通过建模和仿真分析,确认在EASE-3中2.5 mg剂量的HbA1c减少。材料与方法独立于EASE-3的2.5毫克测试数据,我们通过EASE-2临床研究中的患者水平,暴露-反应模型模拟了2.5毫克剂量的效果。一个主要的半力学模型评估了疗效,考虑到治疗开始后进行临床胰岛素剂量调整可能会限制HbA1c的降低。该模型由药代动力学,胰岛素剂量,平均每日葡萄糖和HbA1c数据提供信息,并通过将模拟与EASE-3中观察到的HbA1c变化进行比较进行了验证。在1型糖尿病(EASE-3但非EASE-2)中进行的两个依帕列净治疗3期临床试验中的一项包括较低的2.5 mg剂量。经安慰剂校正的HbA1c减少量为0。在较高剂量(10 mg和25 mg)下未观察到28%的糖尿病酮症酸中毒风险增加。由于只有一项试验包括较低剂量,因此我们旨在通过建模和模拟分析确认观察到的2.5 mg剂量的HbA1c减少。结果模拟的26周平均HbA1c变化在不调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.41%,在26周的胰岛素调整剂量下为-0.29%。一个简化的(描述性)模型(不包括胰岛素剂量和每日平均葡萄糖)证实,如果EASE-2人群接受2.5 mg剂量持续26/52周,则将观察到-0.29%的HbA1c变化。结论在EASE-3试验中直接观察到的小剂量依格列净的HbA1c益处已通过两种建模和模拟方法得到证实。由于只有一项试验包括较低剂量,因此我们旨在通过建模和模拟分析确认观察到的2.5 mg剂量的HbA1c减少。结果模拟的26周平均HbA1c变化在不调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.41%,在26周调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.29%。一个简化的(描述性)模型(不包括胰岛素剂量和每日平均葡萄糖)证实,如果EASE-2人群接受2.5 mg剂量持续26/52周,则将观察到-0.29%的HbA1c变化。结论在EASE-3试验中直接观察到的小剂量依格列净的HbA1c益处已通过两种建模和模拟方法得到证实。由于只有一项试验包括较低剂量,因此我们旨在通过建模和模拟分析确认观察到的2.5 mg剂量的HbA1c减少。结果模拟的26周平均HbA1c变化在不调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.41%,在26周调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.29%。一个简化的(描述性)模型(不包括胰岛素剂量和平均每日葡萄糖)证实,如果EASE-2人群接受2.5 mg剂量持续26/52周,则将观察到-0.29%的HbA1c变化。结论在EASE-3试验中直接观察到的小剂量依格列净的HbA1c益处已通过两种建模和模拟方法得到证实。结果模拟的26周平均HbA1c变化在不调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.41%,在26周调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.29%。一个简化的(描述性)模型(不包括胰岛素剂量和每日平均葡萄糖)证实,如果EASE-2人群接受2.5 mg剂量持续26/52周,则将观察到-0.29%的HbA1c变化。结论在EASE-3试验中直接观察到的小剂量依格列净的HbA1c益处已通过两种建模和模拟方法得到证实。结果模拟的26周平均HbA1c变化在不调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.41%,在26周调整胰岛素剂量的情况下为-0.29%。一个简化的(描述性)模型(不包括胰岛素剂量和每日平均葡萄糖)证实,如果EASE-2人群接受2.5 mg剂量持续26/52周,则将观察到-0.29%的HbA1c变化。结论在EASE-3试验中直接观察到的小剂量依格列净的HbA1c益处已通过两种建模和模拟方法得到证实。
更新日期:2020-01-22
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