Xenobiotic and metabolite extrusion is an important process for the proper functions of cells and their compartments, including acidic organelles. MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) is a large family of secondary active transporters involved in the transport of various compounds across cellular and organellar membranes, and is present in the three domains of life. The major substrates of the bacterial MATE transporters are cationic compounds, including clinically important antibiotics, and thereby MATE transporters confer multi-drug resistance to pathogenic bacteria. The plant MATE transporters are important for the accumulation of various metabolites in organelles, including vacuoles. The human MATE transporters are expressed in the brush-border membrane of the kidney, and are involved in the clearance of cationic drugs from the body. During the past decade, progress in structural biology has clarified the transport mechanism of these MATE transporters in atomic detail. The present review summarizes the reported structures of MATE family transporters, along with their structure-guided functional analyses. This integrated view of the structures of MATE transporters provides novel insights into their transport mechanism.

中文翻译：

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多药和有毒化合物挤压超家族转运蛋白的结构生物学。

异物和代谢产物的挤出是细胞及其隔室（包括酸性细胞器）正常运行的重要过程。MATE（多药和有毒化合物挤出）是一大类辅助活性转运蛋白，参与跨细胞膜和细胞器膜转运各种化合物，并存在于生命的三个领域。细菌MATE转运蛋白的主要底物是阳离子化合物，包括临床上重要的抗生素，因此MATE转运蛋白对病原菌具有多重耐药性。植物MATE转运蛋白对于细胞器（包括液泡）中各种代谢物的积累非常重要。人MATE转运蛋白在肾脏的刷状边界膜中表达，并参与体内阳离子药物的清除。在过去的十年中，结构生物学的进步已经从原子上阐明了这些MATE转运蛋白的转运机制。本综述总结了报道的MATE家庭转运蛋白的结构，以及其结构指导的功能分析。MATE转运蛋白结构的这种综合观点为他们的转运机制提供了新颖的见解。