Petroleum-based plastic materials as pollutants raise concerns because of their impact on the global ecosystem and on animal and human health. There is an urgent need to remove plastic waste from the environment to overcome the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. This review describes the natural and unique ability of fungi to invade substrates by using enzymes that have the capacity to detoxify pollutants and are able to act on nonspecific substrates, the fungal ability to produce hydrophobins for surface coating to attach hyphae to hydrophobic substrates, and hyphal ability to penetrate three dimensional substrates. Fungal studies on macro- and microplastics biodegradation have shown that fungi are able to use these materials as the sole carbon and energy source. Further research is required on novel isolates from plastisphere ecosystems, on the use of molecular techniques to characterize plastic-degrading fungi and enhance enzymatic activity levels, and on the use of omics-based technologies to accelerate plastic waste biodegradation processes. The addition of pro-oxidants species (photosensitizers) and the reduction of biocides and antioxidant stabilizers used in the plastic manufacturing process should also be considered to promote biodegradation. Interdisciplinary research and innovative fungal strategies for plastic waste biodegradation, as well as ecofriendly manufacturing of petroleum-based plastics, may help to reduce the negative impacts of plastic waste pollution in the biosphere.

石油基塑料材料作为污染物，因其对全球生态系统以及动物和人类健康的影响而引起人们的关注。迫切需要从环境中清除塑料废物，以克服塑料污染的环境危机。这篇综述描述了真菌通过使用具有排毒能力并能够对非特异性底物起作用的酶来侵入底物的天然和独特能力，产生疏水蛋白以用于表面涂层以将菌丝附着到疏水性底物上的真菌的能力以及菌丝的天然和独特能力穿透三维基材的能力。对宏观和微观塑料生物降解的真菌研究表明，真菌能够将这些材料用作唯一的碳和能源。需要对来自胶体层生态系统的新型分离物进行进一步研究，使用分子技术表征可降解塑料的真菌并提高酶活性水平，以及使用基于组学的技术来加速可降解塑料废物的生物降解过程。还应考虑在塑料制造过程中添加助氧化剂（光敏剂）以及减少在塑料制造过程中使用的杀菌剂和抗氧化剂稳定剂，以促进生物降解。用于塑料废物生物降解的跨学科研究和创新的真菌策略，以及石油基塑料的环保生产，可能有助于减少塑料废物污染对生物圈的负面影响。以及使用基于组学的技术来加速塑料废料的生物降解过程。还应考虑在塑料制造过程中添加助氧化剂（光敏剂）以及减少在塑料制造过程中使用的杀菌剂和抗氧化剂稳定剂，以促进生物降解。用于塑料废物生物降解的跨学科研究和创新的真菌策略，以及石油基塑料的环保生产，可能有助于减少塑料废物污染对生物圈的负面影响。以及使用基于组学的技术来加速塑料废料的生物降解过程。还应考虑在塑料制造过程中添加助氧化剂（光敏剂）以及减少在塑料制造过程中使用的杀菌剂和抗氧化剂稳定剂，以促进生物降解。用于塑料废物生物降解的跨学科研究和创新的真菌策略，以及石油基塑料的环保生产，可能有助于减少塑料废物污染对生物圈的负面影响。