Comprised of a complex network of numerous intertwining pathways, the Ca²⁺ signalling nexus is an essential mediator of many normal cellular activities. Like many other such functions, the normal physiological activity of Ca²⁺ signalling is frequently co-opted and reshaped in cases of breast cancer, creating a potent oncogenic drive within the affected cell population. Such modifications can occur within pathways mediating either Ca²⁺ import (e.g. TRP channels, ORAI-STIM1) or Ca²⁺ export (e.g. PMCA), indicating that both increases and decreases within cellular Ca²⁺ levels have the potential to increase the malignant potential of a cell. Increased understanding of these pathways may offer clinical benefit in terms of both prognosis and treatment; patient survival has been linked to expression levels of certain Ca²⁺ transport proteins, whilst selective targeting of these factors with novel anti-cancer agents has demonstrated a variety of anti-tumour effects in in vitro studies. In addition, the activity of several Ca²⁺ signalling pathways has been shown to influence chemotherapy response, suggesting that a synergistic approach coupling traditional chemotherapy with Ca²⁺ targeting agents may also improve patient outcome. As such, targeted modulation of these pathways represents a novel approach in precision medicine and breast cancer therapy.

Ca ²⁺信号通路由众多相互交织的通路组成的复杂网络组成，是许多正常细胞活动的重要介质。^{与许多其他此类功能一样，Ca 2+}信号传导的正常生理活动经常在乳腺癌病例中被吸收和重塑，从而在受影响的细胞群中产生强大的致癌驱动力。这种修饰可以发生在介导 Ca ²⁺输入（例如 TRP 通道，ORAI-STIM1）或 Ca ²⁺输出（例如 PMCA）的途径中，表明细胞内 Ca ^{2+的增加和减少}水平有可能增加细胞的恶性潜能。增加对这些途径的了解可能会在预后和治疗方面提供临床益处；患者存活率与某些 Ca ²⁺转运蛋白的表达水平有关，而用新型抗癌剂选择性靶向这些因子已在体外研究中证明了多种抗肿瘤作用。此外，已显示几种 Ca ²⁺信号通路的活性会影响化疗反应，这表明将传统化疗与 Ca ^{2+相结合的协同方法}靶向药物也可以改善患者的预后。因此，这些途径的靶向调节代表了精准医学和乳腺癌治疗的一种新方法。