Abstract A surfactant was a substance that had an important influence on the excretion of intracellular substances. In this work, it was found that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) inhibited cell viability but increased the mannatide production by optimizing the addition time. Results revealed that CTAB changed cell surface properties (cell surface hydrophobicity and Zeta potential was increased from 3% to 14% and −14.5 mV to −10.2 mV, respectively) and permeabilized cell membrane (intercellular ATP content was decreased from 28.599 μg/g to 9.737 μg/g while extracellular ATP content was increased from 33.051 μg/g to 82.809 μg/g; the concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ were increased to 3.9 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L, respectively; membrane potential was formed). Moreover, the images of scanning electron micrographs indicated distinct morphological changes and disruption on the surface of the cells. Further pyridinium iodides staining showed CTAB could induce cell apoptosis from 4.24% to 31% with increasing the relative intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 0.11% to 7.31%. It is the most noteworthy that the addition of CTAB increased the mannatide production to 1.46 g/L, 98.6% higher than that of untreated cells. Consequently, the utilization of CTAB for the preparation of mannatide provide theoretical foundation for the further large-scale production.

中文翻译：

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表面活性剂诱导 ROS 介导的细胞膜透化以增强甘露糖苷的产生

摘要 表面活性剂是一种对细胞内物质排泄有重要影响的物质。在这项工作中，发现十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB) 抑制了细胞活力，但通过优化添加时间来增加甘露聚糖的产量。结果表明，CTAB 改变了细胞表面特性（细胞表面疏水性和 Zeta 电位分别从 3% 增加到 14% 和 -14.5 mV 到 -10.2 mV）和透化细胞膜（细胞间 ATP 含量从 28.599 μg/g 降低到9.737 μg/g，而细胞外 ATP 含量从 33.051 μg/g 增加到 82.809 μg/g；K+ 和 Ca2+ 浓度分别增加到 3.9 mg/L 和 2.1 mg/L；形成膜电位）。而且，扫描电子显微照片的图像表明细胞表面有明显的形态变化和破坏。进一步的碘化吡啶染色显示 CTAB 可诱导细胞凋亡从 4.24% 到 31%，并将相对细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 从 0.11% 增加到 7.31%。最值得注意的是，CTAB 的加入使甘露糖苷产量增加到 1.46 g/L，比未处理细胞的产量高 98.6%。因此，利用CTAB制备甘露聚糖为进一步的规模化生产提供了理论基础。最值得注意的是，CTAB 的加入使甘露糖苷产量增加到 1.46 g/L，比未处理细胞的产量高 98.6%。因此，利用CTAB制备甘露聚糖为进一步的规模化生产提供了理论基础。最值得注意的是，CTAB 的加入使甘露糖苷产量增加到 1.46 g/L，比未处理细胞的产量高 98.6%。因此，利用CTAB制备甘露聚糖为进一步的规模化生产提供了理论基础。