Diatom Molecular Research Comes of Age: Model Species for Studying Phytoplankton Biology and Diversity.,The Plant Cell

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Diatom Molecular Research Comes of Age: Model Species for Studying Phytoplankton Biology and Diversity.
The Plant Cell ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-18 , DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00158
Angela Falciatore _{1,

2} , Marianne Jaubert _{2,

3} , Jean-Pierre Bouly _{2,

3} , Benjamin Bailleul ₃ , Thomas Mock ₄

Affiliation

Diatoms are the world's most diverse group of algae, comprising at least 100,000 species. Contributing ∼20% of annual global carbon fixation, they underpin major aquatic food webs and drive global biogeochemical cycles. Over the past two decades, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum have become the most important model systems for diatom molecular research, ranging from cell biology to ecophysiology, due to their rapid growth rates, small genomes, and the cumulative wealth of associated genetic resources. To explore the evolutionary divergence of diatoms, additional model species are emerging, such as Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata Here, we describe how functional genomics and reverse genetics have contributed to our understanding of this important class of microalgae in the context of evolution, cell biology, and metabolic adaptations. Our review will also highlight promising areas of investigation into the diversity of these photosynthetic organisms, including the discovery of new molecular pathways governing the life of secondary plastid-bearing organisms in aquatic environments.

中文翻译：

硅藻分子研究成熟：研究浮游植物生物学和多样性的模型物种。

硅藻是世界上最多样化的藻类，包含至少 100,000 个物种。它们贡献了全球每年固碳量的 20%，支撑着主要水生食物网并推动全球生物地球化学循环。在过去的二十年中，拟微型海链藻和三角褐指藻因其生长速度快、基因组小以及相关遗传资源的累积财富而成为硅藻分子研究（从细胞生物学到生态生理学）最重要的模型系统。为了探索硅藻的进化差异，其他模型物种正在出现，例如圆柱脆杆藻和多纹拟菱形藻。在这里，我们描述了功能基因组学和反向遗传学如何有助于我们在进化背景下理解这一重要的微藻类，细胞生物学和代谢适应。我们的综述还将强调对这些光合生物多样性的有希望的研究领域，包括发现控制水生环境中次生质体生物生命的新分子途径。

更新日期：2020-03-03

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