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Removal of cattle grazing correlates with increases in vegetation productivity and in abundance of imperiled breeding birds
Biological Conservation ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108378
Sharon A. Poessel , Joan C. Hagar , Patricia K. Haggerty , Todd E. Katzner

Abstract Livestock grazing is the most prevalent land use practice in the western United States and a widespread cause of degradation of riparian vegetation. Riparian areas provide high-quality habitat for many species of declining migratory breeding birds. We analyzed changes in vegetation and bird abundance at a wildlife refuge in southeastern Oregon over 24 years, following cessation of 120 years of livestock grazing. We quantified long-term changes in overall avian abundance and species richness and, specifically, in the abundances of 20 focal species. We then compared the local responses of the focal species to population-scale trends of the same species at three different large spatial scales. Overall avian abundance increased 23% during the 12 years after removal and remained consistent from then through year 24. Three times as many species colonized the survey sites as dropped out. Of the focal species, most riparian woodland-tree or shrub dependent, sagebrush obligate, and grassland or meadow taxa increased in abundance or remained stable locally. As these species were generally of conservation concern, the population increases contradicted regionally declining or stable trends. In contrast, most riparian woodland-cavity nester species decreased in abundance locally, reflecting disruption of aspen stand dynamics by decades of grazing. Avian nest parasites and competitors of native species declined in abundance locally, matching regional trends. Restoring riparian ecosystems by removing livestock appeared to be beneficial to the conservation of many of these declining populations of migratory birds.

中文翻译:

取消放牧与植被生产力的增加和濒危繁殖鸟类数量的增加有关

摘要 放牧是美国西部最普遍的土地利用方式,也是导致河岸植被退化的普遍原因。河岸地区为许多数量减少的候鸟繁殖提供了高质量的栖息地。在停止放牧 120 年之后,我们分析了俄勒冈州东南部一个野生动物保护区 24 年来植被和鸟类数量的变化。我们量化了整体鸟类丰度和物种丰富度的长期变化,特别是 20 个焦点物种的丰度。然后,我们在三个不同的大空间尺度上比较了焦点物种对同一物种种群规模趋势的局部反应。在移除后的 12 年中,鸟类的总体丰度增加了 23%,并从那时到 24 年保持一致。在调查地点定居的物种数量是退出的物种数量的三倍。在重点物种中,大多数河岸林地乔木或灌木依赖、山艾树专性和草地或草甸类群在当地增加或保持稳定。由于这些物种通常受到保护,人口增加与区域下降或稳定趋势相矛盾。相比之下,大多数河岸林地洞巢物种在当地的丰度减少,反映了数十年放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。在重点物种中,大多数河岸林地乔木或灌木依赖、山艾树专性和草地或草甸类群在局部增加或保持稳定。由于这些物种通常受到保护,人口增加与区域下降或稳定趋势相矛盾。相比之下,大多数河岸林地洞巢物种在当地的丰度减少,反映了数十年放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。在重点物种中,大多数河岸林地乔木或灌木依赖、山艾树专性和草地或草甸类群在局部增加或保持稳定。由于这些物种通常受到保护,人口增加与区域下降或稳定趋势相矛盾。相比之下,大多数河岸林地洞巢物种在当地的丰度减少,反映了数十年放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。草原或草甸类群在局部增加或保持稳定。由于这些物种通常受到保护,人口增加与区域下降或稳定趋势相矛盾。相比之下,大多数河岸林地洞巢物种在当地的丰度减少,反映了数十年放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。草原或草甸类群在局部增加或保持稳定。由于这些物种通常受到保护,人口增加与区域下降或稳定趋势相矛盾。相比之下,大多数河岸林地洞巢物种在当地的丰度减少,反映了数十年放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。大多数河岸林地洞穴筑巢物种在当地数量减少,反映了数十年的放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。大多数河岸林地洞穴筑巢物种在当地数量减少,反映了数十年的放牧对白杨林动态的破坏。鸟巢寄生虫和本地物种的竞争者在当地大量减少,与区域趋势相匹配。通过清除牲畜来恢复河岸生态系统似乎有利于保护许多这些下降的候鸟种群。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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