Signaling between cancer cells, their neighboring cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) forms the tumor microenvironment. The complex heterogeneity of this microenvironment varies depending on the tumor type and its origins. However, most of the existing cancer-based studies have focused on cancer cells. In this study, we used a direct co-culture system (cross-talk signaling) to induce cross-interaction between cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells. This induced deformation of MSCs. MSCs showed a diminished ability to maintain homeostasis. In particular, increase in the invasion ability of MSCs by TGF-β1 and decrease in p53, which plays a key role in cancer development, is an important discovery. It can thus be deduced that blocking these changes can effectively inhibit metastatic colorectal cancer. In conclusion, understanding the interactions and changes in MSCs associated with cancer will help develop novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.

中文翻译：

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与大肠癌细胞共培养的间充质干细胞由于其改变的p53 /TGF-β1水平而显示出增强的侵袭和增殖能力。

癌细胞，其邻近细胞和间充质干细胞（MSC）之间的信号传导形成了肿瘤微环境。这种微环境的复杂异质性取决于肿瘤类型及其起源。但是，大多数现有的基于癌症的研究都集中在癌细胞上。在这项研究中，我们使用直接共培养系统（串扰信号）来诱导癌细胞与间充质干细胞之间的交叉相互作用。这引起了MSC的变形。MSC表现出维持体内平衡的能力减弱。特别地，重要的发现是TGF-β1对MSCs侵袭能力的增加和p53的降低，这在癌症的发展中起着关键作用。因此可以推断出阻断这些变化可以有效地抑制转移性结直肠癌。综上所述，