Overexpression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) induces insulin resistance in various basic and clinical research. In our previous work, a synthetic oleanolic acid (OA) derivative C10a with PTP1B inhibitory activity has been reported. However, C10a has some pharmacological defects and cytotoxicity. Herein, a structure-based drug design approach was used based on the structure of C10a to elaborate the smaller tricyclic core. A series of tricyclic derivatives were synthesised and the compounds 15, 28 and 34 exhibited the most PTP1B enzymatic inhibitory potency. In the insulin-resistant human hepatoma HepG2 cells, compound 25 with the moderate PTP1B inhibition and preferable pharmaceutical properties can significantly increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and showed the insulin resistance ameliorating effect. Moreover, 25 showed the improved in vivo antihyperglycaemic potential in the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced T2D. Our study demonstrated that these tricyclic derivatives with improved molecular architectures and antihyperglycaemic activity could be developed in the treatment of T2D.

中文翻译：

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三环萜类衍生物作为新型PTP1B抑制剂的设计和合成，具有改进的药理特性和体内抗高血糖功效。

在各种基础和临床研究中，蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B（PTP1B）的过表达诱导胰岛素抵抗。在我们以前的工作中，已经报道了具有PTP1B抑制活性的合成齐墩果酸（OA）衍生物C10a。但是，C10a具有一些药理缺陷和细胞毒性。在本文中，基于C10a的结构使用了基于结构的药物设计方法来完善较小的三环核心。合成了一系列三环衍生物，化合物15、28和34表现出最大的PTP1B酶促抑制能力。在具有胰岛素抵抗性的人肝癌HepG2细胞中，具有中等PTP1B抑制作用和较好药物特性的化合物25可以显着增加胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取，并显示出改善胰岛素抵抗的作用。而且，图25显示了在烟酰胺-链脲佐菌素诱导的T2D中改善的体内抗高血糖潜能。我们的研究表明，这些具有改善的分子结构和抗高血糖活性的三环衍生物可用于治疗T2D。