It is now becoming well established that vesicles are released from a broad range of cell types and are involved in cell-to-cell communication, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Once outside the cell, these vesicles are termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cellular origin (cell type), subcellular origin (through the endosomal pathway or pinched from the cell membrane) and content (what proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites) are transported by the EVs, and their size, all seem to be contributing factors to their overall heterogeneity. Efforts are being invested into attempting to block the release of subpopulations of EVs or, indeed, all EVs. Some such studies are focussed on investigating EV inhibitors as research tools; others are interested in the longerterm potential of using such inhibitors in pathological conditions such as cancer. This review, intended to be of relevance to both researchers already well established in the EV field and newcomers to this field, provides an outline of the compounds that have been most extensively studied for this purpose, their proposed mechanisms of actions and the findings of these studies.

中文翻译：

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抑制细胞外囊泡的形成和释放：EV抑制剂的综述。

现在已经完全确定，在生理和病理条件下，囊泡可从多种细胞类型中释放出来并参与细胞间的通讯。一旦到达细胞外，这些囊泡就被称为细胞外囊泡（EVs）。电动汽车可以运输细胞起源（细胞类型），亚细胞起源（通过内体途径或从细胞膜夹入）和含量（蛋白质，糖蛋白，脂质，核酸，代谢产物），以及它们的大小。成为其整体异质性的因素。正在努力阻止电动汽车或实际上所有电动汽车亚群的释放。一些这样的研究集中于研究作为研究工具的EV抑制剂。其他人则对在诸如癌症等病理状况中使用此类抑制剂的长期潜力感兴趣。这篇综述旨在与电动汽车领域已经建立良好的研究人员以及该领域的新手相关，概述了为此目的而进行了最广泛研究的化合物，其拟议的作用机理以及这些化合物的发现。学习。