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Evaluation of the acute toxicity, phototoxicity and embryotoxicity of a residual aqueous fraction from extract of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata.
BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 , DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0353-3
Andréia da Silva Fernandes 1 , Lara Barroso Brito 2 , Gisele Augusto Rodrigues Oliveira 2 , Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz 3 , Heitor Evangelista 4 , José Luiz Mazzei 5 , Israel Felzenszwalb 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main exogenous inductor of skin damage and so photoprotection is important to control skin disorders. The Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata is an important source of antioxidants and the photoprotective activity of its organic extracts has been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential photoprotection, cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity of residual aqueous fraction (AF) from the moss S. uncinata. METHODS UV-visible spectrum and SPF (sun protection factor) were determined by spectrophotometry. Embryotoxicity potential was evaluated by Fish embryo-larval toxicity test using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as organism model. Cell death assays by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were investigated using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line cultured in monolayers and three dimensions (3D). Phototoxicity and association with UV-filters were performed by 3T3 neutral red uptake test. RESULTS The AF showed sharp absorption bands in the UV region and less pronounced in the visible region. The SPF was low (2.5 ± 0.3), but the SPF values of benzophenone-3 and octyl-methoxycinnamate increased ~ 3 and 4 times more, respectively, in association with AF. The AF did not induce significant lethal and sublethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages. In monolayers, the HaCaT cell viability, evaluated by WST-1, was above 70% by ≤0.4 mg AF/mL after 48 and 72-h exposure, whereas ≤1 mg AF/mL after 24-h exposure. The LDH assay showed that the cell viability was above 70% by ≤0.4 mg AF/mL even after 72-h exposure, but ≤1 mg/mL after 24 and 48-h exposure. In 3D cell culture, an increased cell resistance to toxicity was observed, because cell viability of HaCaT cell by WST-1 and LDH was above ~ 90% when using ≤1 and 4 mg AF/mL, respectively. The AF demonstrated values of photo irritation factor < 2 and of photo effect < 0.1, even though in association with UV-filters. CONCLUSIONS The residual AF absorbs UV-vis spectrum, increased SPF values of BP-3 and OMC and does not induce embryotoxicity to zebrafish early life-stage. The cell death assays allowed establishing non-toxic doses of AF and phototoxicity was not detected. AF of S. uncinata presents a good potential for skin photoprotection against UV-radiation.

中文翻译:

评估南极苔藓Sanionia uncinata提取物中残留水部分的急性毒性,光毒性和胚胎毒性。

背景技术紫外线(UV)是皮肤损伤的主要外源性诱因,因此光保护对控制皮肤疾病很重要。南极苔藓紫薇是抗氧化剂的重要来源,并且已经对其有机提取物的光保护活性进行了研究。这项研究旨在评估潜在的光保护,细胞毒性和胚胎毒性从苔藓链球菌残留水部分(AF)。方法采用分光光度法测定紫外可见光谱和SPF(防晒系数)。使用斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为生物模型,通过鱼胚幼虫毒性试验评估了胚胎的潜在毒性。使用单层和三维(3D)培养的HaCaT角质形成细胞系研究了水溶性四唑盐(WST-1)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的细胞死亡测定。通过3T3中性红吸收测试进行光毒性和与紫外线过滤剂的结合。结果AF在紫外线区域显示出清晰的吸收带,而在可见光区域则不明显。SPF较低(2.5±0.3),但与AF关联,二苯甲酮3和辛基甲氧基肉桂酸酯的SPF值分别增加了约3倍和4倍。AF不会对斑马鱼的早期生命阶段产生重大的致死和亚致死作用。在单层中,通过WST-1评估的HaCaT细胞活力在暴露48和72小时后,≤0.4mg AF / mL,高于70%,而暴露24 h后,≤1 mg AF / mL。LDH分析表明,即使在暴露72小时后,细胞活力仍达到70%以上(≤0.4 mg AF / mL),而暴露24和48 h后仍≤1 mg / mL。在3D细胞培养中,观察到细胞对毒性的抵抗力增强,这是因为当分别使用≤1和4 mg AF / mL时,WST-1和LDH对HaCaT细胞的细胞活力均高于〜90%。即使与紫外线滤光片结合使用,AF仍显示出光刺激因子<2和光效应<0.1的值。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata链球菌的AF具有皮肤针对紫外线辐射的光保护的良好潜力。即使在暴露72小时后仍为4 mg AF / mL,但在暴露24和48 h后≤1mg / mL。在3D细胞培养中,观察到细胞对毒性的抵抗力增强,这是因为当分别使用≤1和4 mg AF / mL时,WST-1和LDH对HaCaT细胞的细胞活力均高于〜90%。即使与紫外线滤光片结合使用,AF仍显示出光刺激因子<2和光效应<0.1的值。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒的AF剂量,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata链球菌的AF具有皮肤针对紫外线辐射的光保护的良好潜力。即使在暴露72小时后仍为4 mg AF / mL,但在暴露24和48 h后≤1mg / mL。在3D细胞培养中,观察到细胞对毒性的抵抗力增强,这是因为当分别使用≤1和4 mg AF / mL时,WST-1和LDH对HaCaT细胞的细胞活力均高于〜90%。即使与紫外线滤光片结合使用,AF仍显示出光刺激因子<2和光效应<0.1的值。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata的AF具有很好的潜在皮肤对紫外线辐射的光保护作用。观察到细胞对毒性的抗性增强,因为当分别使用≤1和4 mg AF / mL时,WST-1和LDH对HaCaT细胞的细胞活力均高于〜90%。即使与紫外线滤光片结合使用,AF仍显示出光刺激因子<2和光效应<0.1的值。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata链球菌的AF具有皮肤针对紫外线辐射的光保护的良好潜力。观察到细胞对毒性的抗性增强,因为当分别使用≤1和4 mg AF / mL时,WST-1和LDH对HaCaT细胞的细胞活力均高于〜90%。即使与紫外线滤光片结合使用,AF仍显示出光刺激因子<2和光效应<0.1的值。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata的AF具有很好的潜在皮肤对紫外线辐射的光保护作用。2,并且即使与UV滤镜结合使用,其光效果也小于0.1。结论残余的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且没有引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata链球菌的AF具有皮肤针对紫外线辐射的光保护的良好潜力。2,并且即使与UV滤镜结合使用,其光效果也小于0.1。结论残留的AF吸收了UV-vis光谱,增加了BP-3和OMC的SPF值,并且不会引起斑马鱼生命早期的胚胎毒性。细胞死亡试验允许建立无毒剂量的AF,并且未检测到光毒性。Uncinata的AF具有很好的潜在皮肤对紫外线辐射的光保护作用。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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