BACKGROUND Exposure to vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and methylmercury (MeHg+) can induce oxidative stress and gene modulation. Several studies have been evaluating the effects of VCH and MeHg+, but little is known about interactive effects between them. This work aimed to assess the exposure and co-exposure effects of MeHg+ and VCH on oxidative stress and gene modulation in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS Reactive species production, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated after exposure and co-exposure to VCH (1 mM) and MeHg+ (0.2 mM) for one or three days in the head and body (thorax and abdomen) of flies. The expression of genes related to redox state and inflammatory response was evaluated after exposure and co-exposure to VCH and MeHg+ for three days. RESULTS Survival decreased only in flies co-exposed to VCH and MeHg+ for three days. All treatments increased total reactive species production after one day of exposure. However, no significant changes were observed in the head after three days of exposure. One day of exposure to VCH caused an increase in the head GST activity, whereas MeHg+ induced an increase after three days of exposure. Regarding the body, all treatments increased GST activity after one day of exposure, but only the flies exposed to MeHg+ presented an increase in GST activity after three days of exposure. Treatments did not alter AChE activity in the head. As for gene expression, there was a significant increase in the Relish transcription factor gene in the flies' body, but Nrf2, Keap1, Jafrac1, TrxR1, and NF-κβ were not altered. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exposure to VCH and MeHg+ induce oxidative stress and activation of an inflammatory response in fruit flies.

中文翻译：

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同时暴露于果蝇中的乙烯基环己烯和甲基汞：生化和分子分析。

背景技术暴露于乙烯基环己烯（VCH）和甲基汞（MeHg +）可以诱导氧化应激和基因调节。几项研究已经评估了VCH和MeHg +的作用，但对它们之间的交互作用了解甚少。这项工作旨在评估果蝇中MeHg +和VCH对氧化应激和基因调控的暴露和共同暴露效应。方法在头和身体（胸部）暴露并共同暴露于VCH（1 mM）和MeHg +（0.2 mM）一或三天后，评估反应性物质的产生，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性。和腹部）的苍蝇。在与VCH和MeHg +接触并共同暴露三天后，评估了与氧化还原状态和炎症反应相关的基因表达。结果存活率仅在与VCH和MeHg +共同暴露三天的果蝇中下降。暴露一天后，所有处理均增加了总反应物种的产生。但是，暴露三天后未观察到头部的明显变化。暴露于VCH的第一天导致头部GST活性增加，而暴露于三天后的MeHg +导致其头部GST活性增加。关于身体，所有处理均在暴露一天后提高了GST活性，但是只有暴露于MeHg +的果蝇在暴露三天后才显示了GST活性的增加。治疗并未改变头部的AChE活性。至于基因表达，果蝇体内的Relish转录因子基因显着增加，但Nrf2，Keap1，Jafrac1，TrxR1和NF-κβ不变。