LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is modified by dietary and genetic factors; however, little is known about the details of this relationship. Our aim was to investigate the associations taking into account dietary assessment methods, seasonal effects and missing values. Study subjects completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and supplied 3-day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and blood samples in four seasons. Approximately 660,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured. Candidate SNPs related to LDL-C concentration were systematically selected. Multiple imputation was applied for missing values. A total of 312 repeated measures data were used for analyses. After adjusting for season and subjects as fixed and random effects, effects of nutrient intake and SNPs on LDL-C concentration were assessed according to three dietary assessment methods: the FFQ and first and four season 3-day WDRs (4 s-3d WDRs). For LDL-C concentration, ethanol consumption derived from all three dietary assessment methods was consistently associated (P < 0.09 for all). Positive and negative relationships were consistently shown with rs651007 and rs1160985 in the first and four seasons; but the latter remained after adjusting for total dietary fiber intake derived from the FFQ and 4 s-3d WDRs (P < 0.05, excepting the first 3-day WDRs). rs599839 was negatively associated after cholesterol intakes derived from the first and 4 s-3d WDRs were considered (P < 0.05 and 0.07, respectively). Each rs17145738 and ethanol consumption based on the 4 s-3d WDRs was related to LDL-C concentration (P < 0.05). Seasonal variations of LDL-C concentration were observed only in summer. In contrast to nutrient intake, ethanol consumption was shown to be comprehensively related to LDL-C concentration, regardless of dietary assessment methods. Taking into account seasonal effects, critical relationships with LDL-C concentration for some SNPs, after adjustment for specific nutrients, were revealed. Our findings can be used to help to interpret the relationships between dietary and genetic factors on LDL-C concentration in large-scale epidemiological studies. (10/10 keywords)

中文翻译：

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乙醇消耗量与 TBL2 rs17145738 对日本成年人 LDL-C 浓度的关系：一项为期四个季节 3 天的称重饮食记录研究

低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 浓度受饮食和遗传因素的影响；然而，人们对这种关系的细节知之甚少。我们的目的是调查考虑饮食评估方法、季节性影响和缺失值的关联。研究对象完成了食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 并提供了 3 天称重的饮食记录 (WDR) 和四个季节的血液样本。测量了大约 660,000 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)。系统地选择与 LDL-C 浓度相关的候选 SNP。对缺失值应用多重插补。共有312个重复测量数据用于分析。在将季节和主题调整为固定和随机效应后，根据三种膳食评估方法评估营养摄入和 SNP 对 LDL-C 浓度的影响：FFQ 和第一季和第四季 3 天 WDR（4 s-3d WDR）。对于 LDL-C 浓度，来自所有三种膳食评估方法的乙醇消耗量始终相关（所有 P < 0.09）。rs651007 和 rs1160985 在第一季和第四季中一直表现出正负关系；但后者在调整来自 FFQ 和 4 s-3d WDR 的总膳食纤维摄入量后仍然存在（P < 0.05，前 3 天 WDR 除外）。考虑到来自第一个和 4 s-3d WDR 的胆固醇摄入后，rs599839 呈负相关（分别为 P < 0.05 和 0.07）。基于 4 s-3d WDR 的每个 rs17145738 和乙醇消耗量与 LDL-C 浓度相关（P < 0.05）。仅在夏季观察到 LDL-C 浓度的季节性变化。与营养摄入相比，无论饮食评估方法如何，乙醇消耗都与 LDL-C 浓度全面相关。考虑到季节性影响，在调整特定营养素后，揭示了一些 SNP 与 LDL-C 浓度的关键关系。我们的研究结果可用于帮助解释大规模流行病学研究中饮食和遗传因素对 LDL-C 浓度的关系。（10/10 关键字）无论饮食评估方法如何，乙醇消耗量都与 LDL-C 浓度全面相关。考虑到季节性影响，在调整特定营养素后，揭示了一些 SNP 与 LDL-C 浓度的关键关系。我们的研究结果可用于帮助解释大规模流行病学研究中饮食和遗传因素对 LDL-C 浓度的关系。（10/10 关键字）无论饮食评估方法如何，乙醇消耗量都与 LDL-C 浓度全面相关。考虑到季节性影响，在调整特定营养素后，揭示了一些 SNP 与 LDL-C 浓度的关键关系。我们的研究结果可用于帮助解释大规模流行病学研究中饮食和遗传因素对 LDL-C 浓度的关系。（10/10 关键字）