Iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions in β-thalassemia patients or in predisposed diseases like hemochromatosis may prove lethal. Regulation and deposition of iron is a significant process, which is been explored extensively in the past decade. Iron deposition in the body can cause cellular dysregulation, including neuronal damage. Significant research has been conducted in understanding how iron accumulation in the brain leads to neurodegeneration. Iron chelators have been tested pre-clinically and are in clinical trials for determining their potential role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimerös (AD) and Parkinsonös (PD). It has been reported that iron chelators show promising effects pre-clinically in the amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders. In the clinical setup, the main challenge for any drug is to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and to show therapeutic action. Smaller anti-oxidant molecules that cross BBB, can be expended for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This review exclusively presents an assessment of original research articles published from year 2017-2019. It also addresses the mechanism of brain iron accumulation focusing more on AD and PD, their genetic predispositions, the detrimental effects of iron overload leading to neurodegeneration, iron-induced neuronal apoptosis and treatment strategies for the same.

中文翻译：

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铁诱导神经变性的分子靶点和治疗干预。

β-地贫患者或血色素沉着症等易感疾病患者因反复输血而导致的铁过载可能是致命的。铁的调节和沉积是一个重要的过程，在过去的十年中得到了广泛的探索。体内铁沉积会导致细胞失调，包括神经元损伤。已经进行了重要的研究，以了解大脑中铁的积累如何导致神经变性。铁螯合剂已经过临床前测试，并正在进行临床试验，以确定它们在治疗阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和帕金森病 (PD) 等神经退行性疾病中的潜在作用。据报道，铁螯合剂在临床前改善神经退行性疾病方面显示出有希望的效果。在临床设置中，任何药物的主要挑战是穿透血脑屏障 (BBB) 并显示治疗作用。穿过 BBB 的较小抗氧化分子可用于治疗神经退行性疾病。本综述专门对 2017-2019 年发表的原创研究文章进行了评估。它还解决了大脑铁积累的机制，更多地关注 AD 和 PD、它们的遗传易感性、铁过载导致神经变性的有害影响、铁诱导的神经元凋亡以及相同的治疗策略。本综述专门对 2017-2019 年发表的原创研究文章进行了评估。它还解决了大脑铁积累的机制，更多地关注 AD 和 PD、它们的遗传易感性、铁过载导致神经变性的不利影响、铁诱导的神经元凋亡以及相同的治疗策略。本综述专门对 2017-2019 年发表的原创研究文章进行了评估。它还解决了大脑铁积累的机制，更多地关注 AD 和 PD、它们的遗传易感性、铁过载导致神经变性的有害影响、铁诱导的神经元凋亡以及相同的治疗策略。