Climate change will increase frequency of drought and flooding, which threaten global crop productivity and food security. Rice (Oryza sativa) is unique in that it is able to grow in both flooded and upland conditions, which have large differences in the concentrations and chemical forms of mineral elements available to plants. To comprehensively understand the mechanisms of rice for coping with different water status, we performed ionomics and transcriptomics analysis of the roots, nodes and leaves of rice grown in flooded and upland conditions. Focusing the analysis on genes encoding proteins involved in transport functions for mineral elements, it was found that, although rice plants maintained similar levels of each element in the shoots for optimal growth, different transporters for mineral elements were utilised for nitrogen, iron, copper and zinc to deal with different soil water conditions. For example, under flooded conditions, rice roots take up nitrogen using transporters for both ammonium (OsAMT1/2) and nitrate (OsNPF2.4, OsNRT1.1A and OsNRT2.3), whereas under upland conditions, nitrogen uptake is mediated by different nitrate transporters (OsNRT1.1B and OsNRT1.5A). This study shows that rice possesses plastic transport systems for mineral elements in response to different water conditions (upland and flooding).

中文翻译：

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水稻对矿物元素的塑料运输系统，可应对多种多样的土壤环境变化。

气候变化将增加干旱和洪灾的频率，从而威胁全球农作物的生产力和粮食安全。水稻（Oryza sativa）的独特之处在于它能够在水淹和高地条件下生长，而植物可利用的矿物质元素的浓度和化学形式差异很大。为了全面了解水稻应对不同水分状况的机理，我们对在淹水和旱地条件下生长的水稻的根，节和叶进行了经济学和转录组学分析。着眼于编码涉及矿物质元素转运功能的蛋白质的基因分析，发现尽管水稻植株的茎中每种元素的含量保持相似，以实现最佳生长，但对于氮，铁，铜和锌可以应对不同的土壤水分状况。例如，在水淹条件下，水稻根部使用转运蛋白（铵盐（OsAMT1 / 2）和硝酸盐（OsNPF2.4，OsNRT1.1A和OsNRT2.3））吸收氮，而在旱地条件下，氮的吸收是通过不同的硝酸盐介导转运蛋白（OsNRT1.1B和OsNRT1.5A）。这项研究表明，稻米具有对不同水质条件（陆地和洪水）的响应，可以吸收矿物质的塑料运输系统。