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Light availability and land‐use history drive biodiversity and functional changes in forest herb layer communities
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13339 Leen Depauw 1 , Michael P. Perring 1, 2 , Dries Landuyt 1 , Sybryn L. Maes 1 , Haben Blondeel 1 , Emiel De Lombaerde 1 , Guntis Brūmelis 3 , Jörg Brunet 4 , Déborah Closset‐Kopp 5 , Janusz Czerepko 6 , Guillaume Decocq 5 , Jan den Ouden 7 , Radosław Gawryś 6 , Werner Härdtle 8 , Radim Hédl 9, 10 , Thilo Heinken 11 , Steffi Heinrichs 12 , Bogdan Jaroszewicz 13 , Martin Kopecký 9, 14 , Ilze Liepiņa 3 , Martin Macek 9 , František Máliš 15, 16 , Wolfgang Schmidt 12 , Simon M. Smart 17 , Karol Ujházy 15 , Monika Wulf 18, 19 , Kris Verheyen 1
中文翻译：
可用光和土地利用历史推动了森林草本层群落的生物多样性和功能变化
更新日期：2019-12-19
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13339 Leen Depauw 1 , Michael P. Perring 1, 2 , Dries Landuyt 1 , Sybryn L. Maes 1 , Haben Blondeel 1 , Emiel De Lombaerde 1 , Guntis Brūmelis 3 , Jörg Brunet 4 , Déborah Closset‐Kopp 5 , Janusz Czerepko 6 , Guillaume Decocq 5 , Jan den Ouden 7 , Radosław Gawryś 6 , Werner Härdtle 8 , Radim Hédl 9, 10 , Thilo Heinken 11 , Steffi Heinrichs 12 , Bogdan Jaroszewicz 13 , Martin Kopecký 9, 14 , Ilze Liepiņa 3 , Martin Macek 9 , František Máliš 15, 16 , Wolfgang Schmidt 12 , Simon M. Smart 17 , Karol Ujházy 15 , Monika Wulf 18, 19 , Kris Verheyen 1
Affiliation
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- A central challenge of today's ecological research is predicting how ecosystems will develop under future global change. Accurate predictions are complicated by (a) simultaneous effects of different drivers, such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and management changes; and (b) legacy effects from previous land use.
- We tested whether herb layer biodiversity (i.e. richness, Shannon diversity and evenness) and functional (i.e. herb cover, specific leaf area [SLA] and plant height) responses to environmental change drivers depended on land‐use history. We used resurvey data from 192 plots across nineteen European temperate forest regions, with large spatial variability in environmental change factors. We tested for interactions between land‐use history, distinguishing ancient and recent (i.e. post‐agricultural) forests and four drivers: temperature, nitrogen deposition, and aridity at the regional scale and light dynamics at the plot‐scale.
- Land‐use history significantly modulated global change effects on the functional signature of the herb layer (i.e. cover, SLA and plant height). Light availability was the main environmental driver of change interacting with land‐use history. We found greater herb cover and plant height decreases and SLA increases with decreasing light availability in ancient than in recent forests. Furthermore, we found greater decreases in herb cover with increased nitrogen deposition in ancient forests, whereas warming had the strongest decreasing effect on the herb cover in recent forests. Interactive effects between land‐use history and global change on biodiversity were not found, but species evenness increased more in ancient than in recent forests.
- Synthesis . Our results demonstrate that land‐use history should not be overlooked when predicting forest herb layer responses to global change. Moreover, we found that herb layer composition in semi‐natural deciduous forests is mainly controlled by local canopy characteristics, regulating light levels at the forest floor, and much less by environmental changes at the regional scale (here: warming, nitrogen deposition and aridity). The observed disconnect between biodiversity and functional herb layer responses to environmental changes demonstrates the importance of assessing both types of responses to increase our understanding of the possible impact of global change on the herb layer.
中文翻译：
可用光和土地利用历史推动了森林草本层群落的生物多样性和功能变化
- 当今生态学研究的一个主要挑战是预测在未来的全球变化下生态系统将如何发展。（a）不同驱动因素的同时影响，如气候变化，氮沉降和管理变化，使准确的预测变得复杂。（b）先前土地使用的遗留影响。
- 我们测试了对环境变化驱动因素的草本层生物多样性（即丰富度，香农多样性和均匀度）和功能性（即草本覆盖率，特定叶面积[SLA]和植物高度）的响应是否取决于土地利用历史。我们使用了来自19个欧洲温带森林地区192个样地的调查数据，这些环境变化因子具有较大的空间变异性。我们测试了土地利用历史之间的相互作用，区分了古代森林和近期森林（即农业后森林）与四个驱动因素：区域尺度上的温度，氮素沉积和干旱，以及样地尺度上的光动力。
- 土地使用历史显着调节了全球变化对草本层功能特征（即覆盖，SLA和植物高度）的影响。光的可用性是变化与土地使用历史互动的主要环境驱动因素。我们发现，与最近的森林相比，古代的草本植物覆盖率更高，并且植物高度降低，而SLA随光的可用性降低而增加。此外，我们发现在古代森林中，随着氮素沉积的增加，草本植物覆盖率的下降幅度更大，而变暖对最近森林中草本植物覆盖率的降低作用最强。没有发现土地利用历史和全球变化对生物多样性之间的相互作用，但远比最近的森林中物种的均匀性增加了。
- 综合。我们的结果表明，在预测森林草本植物层对全球变化的响应时，不应忽视土地利用历史。此外，我们发现半天然落叶林的药草层组成主要受局部冠层特性控制，调节森林地面的光照水平，而受区域范围内环境变化的影响较小（此处为：变暖，氮沉积和干旱） 。观察到的生物多样性和功能性草药层对环境变化的反应之间的脱节性表明，评估两种类型的响应以增强我们对全球变化对草药层的可能影响的理解的重要性。
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