Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles that are naturally released from cells. They are recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Because of their capacity to carry biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, EVs influence different physiological and pathological functions of both parental and recipient cells. Although multiple pathways have been proposed for cytokine secretion beyond the classical ER/Golgi route, EVs have recently recognized as an alternative secretory mechanism. Interestingly, cytokines/chemokines exploit these vesicles to be released into the extracellular milieu, and also appear to modulate their release, trafficking and/or content. In this review, we provide an overview of the cytokines/chemokines that are known to be associated with EVs or their regulation with a focus on TNFα, IL-1β and IFNs.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡和细胞因子之间的新兴相互作用。

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是膜结合的小颗粒，可从细胞中自然释放。它们在原核生物和真核生物中均被认为是细胞间通讯的有效载体。由于它们具有携带生物大分子（例如蛋白质，脂质和核酸）的能力，因此电动汽车会影响亲代细胞和受体细胞的不同生理和病理功能。尽管已经提出了经典ER /高尔基体途径之外的多种细胞因子分泌途径，但最近电动汽车已被认为是一种替代的分泌机制。有趣的是，细胞因子/趋化因子利用这些囊泡释放到细胞外环境中，并且似乎也调节它们的释放，运输和/或含量。在这篇评论中，