Consumer interest in cosmetic industry products that produce whitening effects has increased demand for agents that decrease melanin production. Many such anti-melanogenic agents are associated with side effects, such as contact dermatitis and high toxicity, and also exhibit poor skin penetration. Considerable recent research has focused on plant-derived products as alternatives to chemotherapeutic agents that possess fewer side effects. In the current study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from leaves and stems of Dendropanax morbifera. Using spectrophotometric and biochemical approaches, we found that leaf-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) and stem-derived extracellular vesicles (SEVs) reduced melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity in the B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell line in a concentration-dependent manner. An electron microscopy analysis further confirmed that LEVs and SEVs induce a concentration-dependent decrease in melanin content in melanoma cells. Both LEVs and SEVs exerted a greater whitening effect on melanoma cells than arbutin, used as a positive control, with LEVs producing the greater effect. Notably, neither LEVs nor SEVs induced significant cytotoxicity. We also examined the effects of plant-derived EVs on the expression of tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs) in melanoma cells. LEVs inhibited expression of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2. In a human epidermis model, LEVs exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on melanin production than arbutin. Collectively, our data suggest that LEVs from D. morbifera may be a novel candidate natural substance for use as an anti-melanogenic agent in cosmeceutical formulations.

中文翻译：

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源自植物叶和茎的细胞外囊泡对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞和人类健康皮肤的抗黑色素生成作用。


消费者对具有美白功效的化妆品工业产品的兴趣增加了对减少黑色素产生的制剂的需求。许多此类抗黑素生成剂具有副作用，例如接触性皮炎和高毒性，并且还表现出较差的皮肤渗透性。最近的大量研究集中在植物衍生产品上，作为副作用较少的化疗药物的替代品。在当前的研究中，我们研究了从Dendropanax morbifera 的叶和茎中提取的细胞外囊泡（EV）的抗黑色素生成作用。使用分光光度和生化方法，我们发现叶源性细胞外囊泡（LEV）和茎源性细胞外囊泡（SEV）以浓度依赖性方式降低 B16BL6 小鼠黑色素瘤细胞系中的黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶（TYR）活性。电子显微镜分析进一步证实，LEV 和 SEV 会导致黑色素瘤细胞中黑色素含量呈浓度依赖性下降。 LEVs 和 SEVs 对黑色素瘤细胞的美白效果均优于作为阳性对照的熊果苷，其中 LEVs 的效果更大。值得注意的是，LEV 和 SEV 均未诱导显着的细胞毒性。我们还研究了植物源性 EV 对黑色素瘤细胞中酪氨酸酶相关蛋白 (TRP) 表达的影响。 LEV 抑制黑素生成相关基因和蛋白质的表达，包括小眼球相关转录因子 (MITF)、TYR、TRP-1 和 TRP-2。在人类表皮模型中，LEVs 对黑色素产生的抑制作用比熊果苷更强。总的来说，我们的数据表明来自 D 的 LEV。 morbifera 可能是一种新的候选天然物质，可用作药妆配方中的抗黑色素生成剂。