Background The aim of this paper was to provide an initial validation of a newly developed parent questionnaire-the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), designed to capture individual differences across several key social dimensions including social motivation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders. Methods The initial validation sample was comprised of parents of 175 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (35 females, 140 males; M age = 7.19 years, SD age = 3.96) and the replication sample consisted of 624 parents of children who were either typically developing or presented with a range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (302 females, 322 males; M age = 11.49 years, SDage = 4.48). Parents from both samples completed the SSDS and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling indicated that a 5-factor model provided adequate to excellent fit to the data in the initial ASD sample (comparative fit index [CFI] = .940, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = .919, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .048, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .038). The identified factors were interpreted as Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach. This factor structure was further confirmed in Sample 2 (CFI = 946, TLI = .930, RMSEA = .044, SRMR = .026). Internal consistency for all subscales was in the good to excellent range across both samples as indicated by Composite Reliability scores of ≥ .72. Convergent and divergent validity was strong as indexed by the pattern of correlations with relevant SRS-2 and Child Behavior Checklist domains and with verbal and non-verbal intellectual functioning scores in Sample 1 and with the Need to Belong Scale and Child Social Preference Scale scores in Sample 2. Across both samples, females had higher social motivation and expressive social communication scores. Discriminant validity was strong given that across all SSDS subscales, the ASD sample had significantly higher impairment than both the typically developing group and the group with other clinical conditions, which in turn, had significantly higher impairment than the typically developing group. Conclusions Our findings provide initial validation of a new scale designed to comprehensively capture individual differences in social motivation and other key social dimensions in ASD.

中文翻译：

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斯坦福社会维度量表的开发：在自闭症谱系障碍和神经典型患者中的初步验证。

背景本文的目的是对新开发的家长问卷——斯坦福社会维度量表（SSDS）进行初步验证，该问卷旨在捕捉几个关键社会维度的个体差异，包括患有和不患有精神疾病的儿童和青少年的社会动机。方法 初始验证样本由 175 名自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患者（35 名女性，140 名男性；M 年龄 = 7.19 岁，SD 年龄 = 3.96）的父母组成，复制样本由 624 名患有以下疾病的儿童的父母组成：通常患有或出现一系列神经发育和神经精神疾病（302 名女性，322 名男性；M 年龄 = 11.49 岁，SDage = 4.48）。两个样本的家长都完成了 SSDS 和社会反应量表 (SRS-2)。结果 探索性结构方程模型表明，5 因子模型对初始 ASD 样本中的数据提供了足够的出色拟合（比较拟合指数 [CFI] = 0.940，Tucker-Lewis 指数 [TLI] = 0.919，均方根近似误差 [RMSEA] = .048，标准化均方根残差 [SRMR] = .038）。确定的因素被解释为社会动机、社会归属、表达性社会沟通、社会认可和不寻常的方法。该因子结构在样本 2 中得到进一步证实（CFI = 946、TLI = .930、RMSEA = .044、SRMR = .026）。两个样本的所有子量表的内部一致性都处于良好到优秀的范围内，综合可靠性得分≥ .72。根据与相关 SRS-2 和儿童行为检查表领域、样本 1 中的言语和非言语智力功能分数以及样本 1 中的归属需求量表和儿童社会偏好量表分数的相关模式，收敛效度和发散效度都很强。样本 2。在这两个样本中，女性具有更高的社交动机和表达性社交沟通得分。区分效度很强，因为在所有 SSDS 分量表中，ASD 样本的损伤显着高于典型发展组和具有其他临床病症的组，而其他临床病症组的损伤又显着高于典型发展组。结论 我们的研究结果为新量表提供了初步验证，该量表旨在全面捕捉自闭症谱系障碍中社会动机和其他关键社会维度的个体差异。