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Socio-economic inequality and inequity in use of health care services in Kenya: evidence from the fourth Kenya household health expenditure and utilization survey.
International Journal for Equity in Health ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-18 , DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-1106-z
Stefania Ilinca 1, 2 , Laura Di Giorgio 3 , Paola Salari 4, 5 , Jane Chuma 3
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Kenya is experiencing persistently high levels of inequity in health and access to care services. In 2018, decades of sustained policy efforts to promote equitable, affordable and quality health services have culminated in the launch of a universal health coverage scheme, initially piloted in four Kenyan counties and planned for national rollout by 2022. Our study aims to contribute to monitoring and evaluation efforts alongside policy implementation, by establishing a detailed, baseline assessment of socio-economic inequality and inequity in health care utilization in Kenya shortly before the policy launch. METHODS We use concentration curves and corrected concentration indexes to measure socio-economic inequality in care use and the horizontal inequity index as a measure of inequity in care utilization for three types of care services: outpatient care, inpatient care and preventive and promotive care. Further insights into the individual and household level characteristics that determine observed inequality are derived through decomposition analysis. RESULTS We find significant inequality and inequity in the use of all types of care services favouring richer population groups, with particularly pronounced levels for preventive and inpatient care services. These are driven primarily by differences in living standards and educational achievement, while the region of residence is a key driver for inequality in preventive care use only. Pro-rich inequalities are particularly pronounced for care provided in privately owned facilities, while public providers serve a much larger share of individuals from lower socio-economic groups. CONCLUSIONS Through its focus on increasing affordability of care for all Kenyans, the newly launched universal health coverage scheme represents a crucial step towards reducing disparities in health care utilization. However in order to achieve equity in health and access to care such efforts must be paralleled by multi-sectoral approaches to address all key drivers of inequity: persistent poverty, disparities in living standards and educational achievement, as well as regional differences in availability and accessibility of care.

中文翻译:

肯尼亚的社会经济不平等和卫生保健服务使用不平等:肯尼亚第四次家庭卫生支出和利用调查的证据。

背景技术肯尼亚在健康和获得护理服务方面一直处于高度不平等的状态。2018年,为促进公平,负担得起的优质医疗服务,数十年来持续的政策努力最终导致了全民医疗覆盖计划的启动,该计划最初在肯尼亚的四个县试行,计划于2022年在全国推出。我们的研究旨在为监测做出贡献通过在政策启动前不久对肯尼亚的社会经济不平等和医疗保健利用不平等状况进行详细的基线评估,就可以与政策实施一起进行评估和评估工作。方法我们使用浓度曲线和校正后的浓度指数来衡量护理使用中的社会经济不平等,并使用水平不平等指数来衡量三种护理服务类型的护理利用不平等:门诊护理,住院护理以及预防性和促进性护理。通过分解分析,可以得出对确定观察到的不平等现象的个人和家庭层面特征的进一步见解。结果我们发现,在使用各种类型的护理服务方面存在严重的不平等和不平等现象,这有利于较富裕的人群,尤其是在预防和住院护理服务方面的水平尤其明显。这些主要是由于生活水平和教育水平的差异所致,而居住地区仅是预防性医疗使用不平等的主要驱动因素。富人的不平等在私人机构提供的护理中尤为突出,而公共服务提供者则为来自较低社会经济群体的个人提供了更大的份额。结论通过着重于提高所有肯尼亚人的医疗负担能力,新推出的全民医疗保险计划是减少医疗利用差距的关键一步。但是,为了实现健康和获得保健方面的公平,这些努力必须与多部门方法同时进行,以解决所有不平等的主要驱动因素:持续的贫困,生活水平和教育成就的差异以及可获得性和可及性方面的地区差异的照顾。而公共服务提供者则为来自社会经济地位较低的群体的个人提供更大份额的服务。结论通过着重于提高所有肯尼亚人的医疗负担能力,新推出的全民医疗保险计划是减少医疗利用差距的关键一步。但是,为了实现健康和获得保健方面的公平,这些努力必须与多部门方法同时进行,以解决所有不平等的主要驱动因素:持续的贫困,生活水平和教育成就的差异以及可获得性和可及性方面的地区差异的照顾。而公共服务提供者则为来自社会经济地位较低的群体的个人提供更大份额的服务。结论通过着重于提高所有肯尼亚人的医疗负担能力,新推出的全民医疗保险计划是减少医疗利用差距的关键一步。但是,为了实现健康和获得保健方面的公平,这些努力必须与多部门方法同时进行,以解决所有不平等的主要驱动因素:持续的贫困,生活水平和教育成就的差异以及可获得性和可及性方面的地区差异的照顾。新推出的全民医疗保险计划是减少医疗利用差距的关键一步。但是,为了实现健康和获得保健方面的公平,这些努力必须与多部门方法同时进行,以解决所有不平等的主要驱动因素:持续的贫困,生活水平和教育成就的差异以及可获得性和可及性方面的地区差异的照顾。新推出的全民医疗保险计划是减少医疗利用差距的关键一步。但是,为了实现健康和获得保健方面的公平,这些努力必须与多部门方法同时进行,以解决所有不平等的主要驱动因素:持续的贫困,生活水平和教育成就的差异以及可获得性和可及性方面的地区差异的照顾。
更新日期:2019-12-19
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