Continuous increases in water temperature disturb homeostasis and increase oxidative stress in fish. Glutathione (GSH) is an intracellular antioxidant that helps to relieve stress in animals. In this study, we observed the effect of GSH on olive flounder exposed to high temperature using serum parameters and NMR-based metabolomics. Based on the results from the first experiment, 20 mg of GSH was chosen as an effective dose with lower infection rates and mortality. Then, fish were divided into Control, Temp (PS injection), and GSH (glutathione injection) groups, and fish in Temp and GSH groups were exposed to temperature fluctuations (20 °C→24 °C→27 °C). In OPLS-DA score plots, Temp group was clearly distinguished from the other groups in the kidney. In the liver, the metabolic patterns of GSH group were close to the Temp group on day 4 and became similar to Control group from day 7. Serum parameters did not change significantly, but the deviation in Temp group was greater than that in GSH group. Metabolite levels that were significantly altered included GSH, lactate, O-phosphocholine, and betaine in the kidney and taurine, glucose, and several amino acids in the liver, which were related to antioxidant activity and energy system. Therefore, GSH supplements could relieve thermal stress influencing metabolic mechanisms in fish.

中文翻译：

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谷胱甘肽注射液减轻了橄榄比目鱼（Oliparathythys olivaceus）在热胁迫下代谢反应的波动。

水温的持续升高扰乱了体内平衡，并增加了鱼的氧化应激。谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种细胞内抗氧化剂，有助于缓解动物的压力。在这项研究中，我们使用血清参数和基于NMR的代谢组学观察了GSH对暴露于高温的比目鱼的影响。根据第一个实验的结果，选择20 mg GSH作为有效剂量，具有较低的感染率和死亡率。然后，将鱼分为对照组，Temp（PS注射）和GSH（谷胱甘肽注射）组，Temp和GSH组的鱼暴露在温度波动下（20°C→24°C→27°C）。在OPLS-DA评分图中，Temp组与肾脏中的其他组明显不同。在肝脏里 GSH组的代谢模式在第4天接近于Temp组，并且从第7天开始变得类似于对照组。血清参数没有明显改变，但是Temp组的偏差大于GSH组。代谢产物水平发生显着变化，包括肾脏中的GSH，乳酸，O-磷酸胆碱和甜菜碱以及牛磺酸，葡萄糖和肝脏中的几种氨基酸，这与抗氧化剂活性和能量系统有关。因此，谷胱甘肽补充剂可以缓解影响鱼类代谢机制的热应激。葡萄糖和肝脏中的几种氨基酸，它们与抗氧化活性和能量系统有关。因此，谷胱甘肽补充剂可以缓解影响鱼类代谢机制的热应激。葡萄糖和肝脏中的几种氨基酸，它们与抗氧化活性和能量系统有关。因此，谷胱甘肽补充剂可以缓解影响鱼类代谢机制的热应激。