This article addresses the sustainable design of organic Rankine cycle‐based geothermal binary power systems under economic and environmental criteria. A novel superstructure with multiple heat source temperatures, working fluids, and heat rejection systems is proposed. Based on the superstructure, a life cycle optimization model is formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear fractional program (MINFP) to determine the optimal design. The nonconvex MINFP is efficiently solved by a tailored global optimization algorithm. Two case studies are considered to demonstrate the proposed modeling framework and solution algorithm. One case is based on a geothermal energy system located in California, and the other one is in New York (NY) State. The results show that the geothermal energy system in California is much more economically competitive than that in NY State. The difference in life cycle environmental impacts is less pronounced because the environmental impacts are less sensitive to geological conditions than the capital investments.

中文翻译：

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利用生命周期优化进行发电的地热能系统的可持续设计

本文讨论了在经济和环境标准下基于有机朗肯循环的地热二元发电系统的可持续设计。提出了一种具有多种热源温度，工作流体和排热系统的新型上部结构。基于上层结构，将生命周期优化模型公式化为混合整数非线性分数程序（MINFP），以确定最佳设计。非凸型MINFP通过量身定制的全局优化算法得以有效解决。考虑两个案例研究，以证明所提出的建模框架和求解算法。一个案例是基于位于加利福尼亚的地热能系统，另一案例是在纽约州。结果表明，加利福尼亚州的地热能源系统在经济上比纽约州更具竞争力。生命周期环境影响的差异不太明显，因为与资本投资相比，环境影响对地质条件的敏感性较低。