Nucleic acid, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), acts a vital role in the gene expression process and it is the prime source for storing, duplicating and transferring the genetic information in all eukaryotic cells. Some associated cellular components may lead to changes in location, number and morphology of nucleic acid, which are closely related to several diseases. Thus, it is of highly significant to simultaneously sense nucleic acid and associated cellular components with organic fluorescent chemsensors. However, this interesting and frontier topic has not been reviewed so far. Therefore, it is important to summarize the recent advances in organic fluorescent probes for simultaneous sensing of nucleic acid and related cellular components in living systems. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent progress in the design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and the applications of organic fluorescence probes for simultaneous sensing of nucleic acid and associated cellular components in living organisms. This critical review may promote the development of more robust fluorescent probes for simultaneous imaging nucleic acid and associated cellular components in the future.

核酸，包括脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA），在基因表达过程中起着至关重要的作用，并且是在所有真核细胞中存储，复制和转移遗传信息的主要来源。一些相关的细胞成分可能导致核酸的位置，数量和形态变化，这与几种疾病密切相关。因此，用有机荧光化学传感器同时感测核酸和相关的细胞成分具有非常重要的意义。但是，到目前为止，尚未对此有趣且前沿的话题进行审查。因此，重要的是总结用于同时感测生物系统中的核酸和相关细胞成分的有机荧光探针的最新进展。因此，在这篇评论中，我们专注于设计策略，传感机制以及有机荧光探针在同时感测生物体中核酸和相关细胞成分方面的最新进展。这项重要的评论可能会促进将来开发出更强大的荧光探针，以便同时对核酸和相关的细胞成分进行成像。