We read with great interest the article by Gerbes et al, 1 which indicated the prospects of immune-based therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that by Zhu et al, 2 which proposed their new strategy for sensitising HCC to anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. As they suggest, immunotherapy for HCC has great potential, and combination therapy may further improve survival benefits. Many patients with HCC have advanced stage disease (aHCC) at the time of diagnosis, and some of them even have progressive disease after first-line therapy. Recently, the clinical benefits of immunotherapy for HCC have emerged. Blocking the PD‐1/PD‐L1 signalling pathway with humanised monoclonal antibodies is effective in alleviating immune escape and enhancing T cell‐mediated antitumour immunity. However, no more than 20% of patients with HCC robustly respond to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 monotherapy.3 4 The combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade may synergistically reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment.5 Preclinical and …

中文翻译：

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PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单独或联合抗VEGF药物治疗晚期肝细胞癌疗效和安全性的Meta分析

我们非常感兴趣地阅读了 Gerbes 等人的文章，1 该文章指出了基于免疫疗法在肝细胞癌 (HCC) 中的前景，以及 Zhu 等人的文章，2 提出了他们使 HCC 对抗程序性死亡敏感的新策略 -配体 1 (PD-L1) 阻断。正如他们所暗示的那样，HCC 的免疫疗法具有巨大的潜力，联合疗法可能会进一步提高生存率。许多 HCC 患者在诊断时已处于晚期疾病 (aHCC)，其中一些甚至在一线治疗后疾病进展。最近，免疫疗法对 HCC 的临床益处已经出现。用人源化单克隆抗体阻断 PD-1/PD-L1 信号通路可有效减轻免疫逃逸和增强 T 细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫。然而，