Cigarette smoking is the most preventable risk factor related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tobacco usage has declined in recent years; however, the use of alternative nicotine delivery methods, particularly e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially despite limited data on their short- and long-term safety and efficacy. Due to their unique properties, the impact of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular physiology is not fully known. Here, we summarize both preclinical and clinical data extracted from short- and long-term studies on the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use. Current findings support that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco smoke. However, the data are primarily derived from acute studies. The impact of chronic e-cigarette exposure is essentially unstudied. To explore the uniqueness of e-cigarettes, we contemplate the cardiovascular effects of individual e-cigarette constituents. Overall, data suggest that exposure to e-cigarettes could be a potential cardiovascular health concern. Further preclinical research and randomized trials are needed to expand basic and clinical investigations before considering e-cigarettes safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.

中文翻译：

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电子烟的心血管风险：临床前和临床研究综述。

吸烟是与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率相关的最可预防的危险因素。近年来，烟草使用量有所下降。然而，尽管有关其短期和长期安全性和有效性的数据有限，但使用替代性尼古丁递送方法（尤其是电子烟）的使用呈指数增长。由于其独特的特性，电子香烟对心血管生理的影响尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们总结了从使用电子烟对心血管的短期和长期研究中提取的临床前和临床数据。当前的发现支持电子香烟不是烟草烟雾的无害替代品。但是，这些数据主要来自急性研究。基本上没有研究慢性电子烟暴露的影响。要探索电子烟的独特性，我们考虑了各个电子烟成分的心血管作用。总体而言，数据表明，接触电子烟可能是潜在的心血管健康问题。在考虑使用电子烟替代传统香烟的安全替代品之前，需要进行进一步的临床前研究和随机试验，以扩大基础和临床研究的范围。