With the forecasted fast increase in world population and global climate change, providing sufficient amounts of quality food becomes a major challenge for human society. Seed and fruit crop yield is determined by developmental processes including flower initiation, pollen fertility and fruit set. Fruit set is defined as the transition from flower to young fruit, a key step in the development of sexually reproducing higher plants. Plant hormones have important roles during flower pollination and fertilization, leading to fruit set. Moreover, it is well established that fruit set can be triggered by phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins (GAs), in the absence of fertilization, both hormones being commonly used to produce parthenocarpic fruits and to increase fruit yield. Additionally, a number of studies highlighted the role of ethylene in plant reproductive organ development. The present review integrates current knowledge on the roles of auxin and ethylene in different steps of the fruit set process with a specific emphasis on the interactions between the two hormones. A deeper understanding of the interplay between auxin and ethylene may provide new leads towards designing strategies for a better control of fruit initiation and ultimately yield.

中文翻译：

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综述：坐果的生长素和乙烯调控

随着预测的世界人口快速增长和全球气候变化，提供足够数量的优质食品成为人类社会面临的重大挑战。种子和果实作物产量由发育过程决定，包括开花、花粉育性和坐果。坐果被定义为从花到幼果的过渡，这是有性繁殖高等植物发育的关键步骤。植物激素在花授粉和受精过程中具有重要作用，从而导致坐果。此外，众所周知，在没有施肥的情况下，植物激素如生长素和赤霉素 (GAs) 可以触发坐果，这两种激素通常用于生产单性果实和增加果实产量。此外，许多研究强调了乙烯在植物生殖器官发育中的作用。本综述整合了目前关于生长素和乙烯在坐果过程不同步骤中的作用的知识，特别强调了这两种激素之间的相互作用。对生长素和乙烯之间相互作用的更深入了解可能为设计策略以更好地控制果实萌发和最终产量提供新的线索。