BACKGROUND Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have been widely used in synthetic cartilage materials. However, limitations of PVA hydrogels such as poor biomechanics and limited cell ingrowth remain challenges in this field. METHODS This work aimed to design novel nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels coated with a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/nano-HA/PVA scaffold to counter the limitations of PVA hydrogels. The core, comprising nano-HA/PVA hydrogel, had the primary role of bearing the mechanical load. The peripheral structure, composed of PLGA/nano-HA/PVA, was designed to favor interaction with surrounding cartilage. RESULTS The double-layer HA/PVA hydrogel coated with PLGA/HA/PVA scaffold was successfully prepared using a two-step molding method, and the mechanical properties and biocompatibility were characterized. The mechanical properties of the novel PLGA/HA/PVA scaffold modified HA/PVA hydrogel were similar to those of native cartilage and showed greater sensitivity to compressive stress than to tensile stress. Rabbit chondrocytes were seeded in the composites to assess the biocompatibility and practicability in vitro. The results showed that the peripheral component comprising 30 wt% PLGA/5 wt% HA/15 wt% PVA was most conducive to rabbit chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that the double-layer HA/PVA hydrogel coated with PLGA/HA/PVA scaffold has the potential for cartilage repair.

中文翻译：

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涂有聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇支架的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇水凝胶的设计和评估，用于软骨修复。

背景技术聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶已广泛用于合成软骨材料中。然而，PVA水凝胶的局限性例如不良的生物力学和有限的细胞向内生长仍然是该领域中的挑战。方法这项工作旨在设计新颖的纳米羟基磷灰石（nano-HA）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶，其包覆有聚乳酸-乙醇酸（PLGA）/ nano-HA / PVA支架，以应对这种情况。 PVA水凝胶的局限性。包含纳米HA / PVA水凝胶的核心具有承担机械负荷的主要作用。由PLGA / nano-HA / PVA组成的外围结构旨在促进与周围软骨的相互作用。结果采用两步成型法成功制备了涂覆有PLGA / HA / PVA支架的双层HA / PVA水凝胶，并对其力学性能和生物相容性进行了表征。新型PLGA / HA / PVA支架改性的HA / PVA水凝胶的机械性能与天然软骨相似，并且对压缩应力的敏感性高于对拉伸应力的敏感性。将兔软骨细胞接种在复合物中，以评估其体外生物相容性和实用性。结果表明，包含30wt％的PLGA / 5wt％的HA / 15wt％的PVA的外围组分最有利于兔软骨细胞的粘附和增殖。结论研究表明，PLGA / HA / PVA支架包覆的双层HA / PVA水凝胶具有修复软骨的潜力。新型PLGA / HA / PVA支架改性的HA / PVA水凝胶的机械性能与天然软骨相似，并且对压缩应力的敏感性高于对拉伸应力的敏感性。将兔软骨细胞接种在复合物中，以评估其体外生物相容性和实用性。结果表明，包含30wt％的PLGA / 5wt％的HA / 15wt％的PVA的外围组分最有利于兔软骨细胞的粘附和增殖。结论研究表明，PLGA / HA / PVA支架包覆的双层HA / PVA水凝胶具有修复软骨的潜力。新型PLGA / HA / PVA支架改性的HA / PVA水凝胶的机械性能与天然软骨相似，并且对压缩应力的敏感性高于对拉伸应力的敏感性。将兔软骨细胞接种在复合物中，以评估其体外生物相容性和实用性。结果表明，包含30wt％的PLGA / 5wt％的HA / 15wt％的PVA的外围组分最有利于兔软骨细胞的粘附和增殖。结论研究表明，PLGA / HA / PVA支架包覆的双层HA / PVA水凝胶具有修复软骨的潜力。结果表明，包含30wt％PLGA / 5wt％HA / 15wt％PVA的外围组分最有利于兔软骨细胞的粘附和增殖。结论研究表明，PLGA / HA / PVA支架包覆的双层HA / PVA水凝胶具有修复软骨的潜力。结果表明，包含30wt％的PLGA / 5wt％的HA / 15wt％的PVA的外围组分最有利于兔软骨细胞的粘附和增殖。结论研究表明，PLGA / HA / PVA支架包覆的双层HA / PVA水凝胶具有修复软骨的潜力。