Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-h physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian clock exerts control over myriad aspects of mammalian physiology, including the regulation of sleep, metabolism, and the immune system. Here, we review advances in understanding the genetic regulation of sleep through the circadian system, as well as the impact of dysregulated gene expression on metabolic function. We also review recent studies that have begun to unravel the circadian clock's role in controlling the cardiovascular and nervous systems, gut microbiota, cancer, and aging. Such circadian control of these systems relies, in part, on transcriptional regulation, with recent evidence for genome-wide regulation of the clock through circadian chromosome organization. These novel insights into the genomic regulation of human physiology provide opportunities for the discovery of improved treatment strategies and new understanding of the biological underpinnings of human disease.

中文翻译：

---

健康和疾病中昼夜节律的基因组学。

昼夜节律钟是内源振荡器，可控制24小时的生理和行为过程。昼夜节律时钟控制着哺乳动物生理的各个方面，包括睡眠，新陈代谢和免疫系统的调节。在这里，我们回顾了通过昼夜节律系统了解睡眠的遗传调控以及基因表达失调对代谢功能的影响的进展。我们还回顾了最近的研究，这些研究已开始阐明生物钟在控制心血管和神经系统，肠道菌群，癌症和衰老中的作用。对这些系统的这种昼夜节律控制部分地依赖于转录调控，而最近的证据表明，通过昼夜节律染色体组织可以对时钟进行全基因组调控。