BACKGROUND Wolbachia pipientis is a widespread, obligatory intracellular and maternally inherited bacterium, that induces a wide range of reproductive alterations to its hosts. Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI) is causing embryonic lethality, the most common of them. Despite that Wolbachia-borne sterility has been proposed as an environmental friendly pest control method (Incompatible Insect Technique, IIT) since 1970s, the fact that Wolbachia modifies important fitness components of its hosts sets severe barriers to IIT implementation. Mass rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), is highly optimized given that this pest is a model species regarding the implementation of another sterility based pest control method, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). We used the medfly-Wolbachia symbiotic association, as a model system, to study the effect of two different Wolbachia strains, on the life history traits of 2 C. capitata lines with different genomic background. RESULTS Wolbachia effects are regulated by both C. capitata genetic background and the Wolbachia strain. Wolbachia infection reduces fertility rates in both C. capitata genetic backgrounds and shortens the pre-pupa developmental duration in the GSS strain. On the other hand, regardless of the strain of Wolbachia (wCer2, wCer4) infection does not affect either the sex ratio or the longevity of adults. wCer4 infection imposed a reduction in females' fecundity but wCer2 did not. Male mating competitiveness, adults flight ability and longevity under water and food deprivation were affected by both the genetic background of medfly and the strain of Wolbachia (genotype by genotype interaction). CONCLUSION Wolbachia infection could alter important life history traits of mass-reared C. capitata lines and therefore the response of each genotype on the Wolbachia infection should be considered toward ensuring the productivity of the Wolbachia-infected insects under mass-rearing conditions.

中文翻译：

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Medfly-Wolbachia共生：基因型x基因型相互作用决定宿主在大规模饲养条件下的生活史特征。


背景 Wolbachia pipientis 是一种广泛分布的、必需的细胞内母系遗传细菌，可诱导其宿主产生广泛的生殖改变。细胞质不相容性 (CI) 会导致胚胎死亡，这是其中最常见的情况。尽管自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，沃尔巴克氏体传播的不育性已被提出作为一种环境友好型害虫防治方法（不相容昆虫技术，IIT），但沃尔巴克氏体改变其宿主的重要适应性成分这一事实为 IIT 的实施设置了严重障碍。地中海果蝇 Ceratitis headata (medfly) 的大规模饲养得到了高度优化，因为这种害虫是实施另一种基于不育的害虫控制方法——昆虫不育技术 (SIT) 的模型物种。我们使用地中海果蝇-沃尔巴克氏体共生关联作为模型系统，研究两种不同的沃尔巴克氏体菌株对具有不同基因组背景的 2 个 C. headata 品系的生活史性状的影响。结果 Wolbachia 效应受 C. capatata 遗传背景和 Wolbachia 菌株的调节。沃尔巴克氏体感染降低了两种 C. capatata 遗传背景的生育率，并缩短了 GSS 品系的蛹前发育持续时间。另一方面，无论沃尔巴克氏体菌株（wCer2、wCer4）如何，感染都不会影响成年人的性别比或寿命。 wCer4 感染导致雌性繁殖力下降，但 wCer2 却没有。雄性交配竞争力、成虫飞行能力以及在水和食物匮乏的情况下的寿命均受到地中海果蝇遗传背景和沃尔巴克氏体菌株（基因型与基因型相互作用）的影响。结论 沃尔巴克氏体感染可以改变大规模饲养的C. 因此，应考虑头状体品系以及每种基因型对沃尔巴克氏体感染的反应，以确保大规模饲养条件下感染沃尔巴克氏体的昆虫的生产力。