Glutathione is the most abundant intracellular low molecular weight thiol in cells and tissues, and plays an essential role in numerous cellular processes, including antioxidant defenses, the regulation of protein function, protein localization and stability, DNA synthesis, gene expression, cell proliferation, and cell signaling. Sexual dimorphisms in glutathione biology, metabolism and glutathione-dependent signaling have been reported for a broad range of biological processes, spanning the human lifespan from early development to aging. Sex-depended differences with regard to glutathione and its biology have also been reported for a number of human pathologies and diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Here we review the latest literature in this field and discuss the potential impact of these sexual dimorphisms in glutathione biology on human health and diseases.

谷胱甘肽是细胞和组织中最丰富的细胞内低分子量硫醇，在许多细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用，包括抗氧化剂防御，蛋白质功能调节，蛋白质定位和稳定性，DNA合成，基因表达，细胞增殖和细胞信号传导。谷胱甘肽生物学，新陈代谢和谷胱甘肽依赖性信号传导中的性二态性已被报道涉及广泛的生物学过程，涉及人类从早期发育到衰老的整个生命周期。谷胱甘肽及其生物学方面的性别依赖性差异也已被报道用于许多人类病理学和疾病，例如神经退行性疾病，心血管疾病和代谢紊乱。