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Phylogeographic evidence that the distribution of cryptic euryhaline species in the Gambusia punctata species group in Cuba was shaped by the archipelago geological history.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106712 Erik García-Machado 1 , José L Ponce de Léon 2 , María A Gutiérrez-Costa 3 , Alice Michel-Salzat 4 , Isabelle Germon 5 , Didier Casane 4
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106712 Erik García-Machado 1 , José L Ponce de Léon 2 , María A Gutiérrez-Costa 3 , Alice Michel-Salzat 4 , Isabelle Germon 5 , Didier Casane 4
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The main drivers of diversification of freshwater fishes in Cuba are not yet well understood. For example, salt tolerance was thought as the main factor involved in the diversification of Gambusia punctata species group in this archipelago. However, evidence from a recent DNA barcoding survey suggested the presence of cryptic species and no correlation between species delimitation and level of salinity. In this study, we analyzed the cryptic diversification of G. punctata species group in Cuba, based on a comprehensive sampling of its distribution and including habitats with different salinity levels. We evaluated the patterns of molecular divergence of the samples by sequencing a set of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions and genotyping nine nuclear microsatellite loci. We also used cytochrome b gene (cytb) partial sequences and these microsatellite loci to analyze population structure inside putative species. Five mtDNA well-differentiated haplogroups were found, four of them also identified by the analysis of the microsatellite polymorphism which corresponds to two already recognized species, G. punctata, and G. rhizophorae, and three putative new species. The extent of hybrid zones between these groups is also described. In each group, populations inhabiting environments with contrasting salinity levels were identified, indicating a generalized trait not specific to G. rhizophorae. The geographic distribution of the groups suggested a strong association with major relict territories of the Cuban Archipelago that was periodically joined or split-up by changes in seawater levels and land uplifts. Salinity tolerance might have facilitated sporadic and long-distance oversea dispersal but did not prevent speciation in the Cuban archipelago.
中文翻译：
系谱学证据表明，古巴的Gambusia punctata物种组中的隐匿性盐类物种分布是由群岛的地质历史决定的。
古巴淡水鱼多样化的主要驱动力尚未得到很好的了解。例如，该群岛的耐盐菌被认为是点球菌种类群多样化的主要因素。但是，最近的DNA条形码调查的证据表明存在隐性物种，并且物种定界与盐度水平之间没有相关性。在这项研究中，我们基于古巴分布点的综合采样，包括不同盐度水平的栖息地，分析了古巴点缀种的隐性多样性。我们通过对一组线粒体DNA（mtDNA）区域进行测序并对9个核微卫星基因座进行基因分型来评估样品的分子发散模式。我们还使用了细胞色素b基因（cytb）的部分序列和这些微卫星基因座来分析推定物种内部的种群结构。发现了五个mtDNA高分化单倍群，其中四个也通过对微卫星多态性的分析而确定，该微卫星多态性对应于两个已经被识别的物种punctata和G. rhizophorae，以及三个推定的新物种。还描述了这些组之间的混合区的范围。在每组中，确定了盐度水平相反的居住环境的种群，这表明了根瘤菌并非特有的普遍性状。这些团体的地理分布表明与古巴群岛的主要遗迹地区有很强的联系，由于海水水位和陆地隆升的变化，这些群岛定期地加入或分裂。
更新日期：2019-12-18
中文翻译：
系谱学证据表明，古巴的Gambusia punctata物种组中的隐匿性盐类物种分布是由群岛的地质历史决定的。
古巴淡水鱼多样化的主要驱动力尚未得到很好的了解。例如，该群岛的耐盐菌被认为是点球菌种类群多样化的主要因素。但是，最近的DNA条形码调查的证据表明存在隐性物种，并且物种定界与盐度水平之间没有相关性。在这项研究中，我们基于古巴分布点的综合采样，包括不同盐度水平的栖息地，分析了古巴点缀种的隐性多样性。我们通过对一组线粒体DNA（mtDNA）区域进行测序并对9个核微卫星基因座进行基因分型来评估样品的分子发散模式。我们还使用了细胞色素b基因（cytb）的部分序列和这些微卫星基因座来分析推定物种内部的种群结构。发现了五个mtDNA高分化单倍群，其中四个也通过对微卫星多态性的分析而确定，该微卫星多态性对应于两个已经被识别的物种punctata和G. rhizophorae，以及三个推定的新物种。还描述了这些组之间的混合区的范围。在每组中，确定了盐度水平相反的居住环境的种群，这表明了根瘤菌并非特有的普遍性状。这些团体的地理分布表明与古巴群岛的主要遗迹地区有很强的联系，由于海水水位和陆地隆升的变化，这些群岛定期地加入或分裂。
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