A microscopic-level understanding of the high-pressure states achieved under shock compression, including comparisons with static compression, is a long-standing and important scientific challenge. Unlike hydrostatic compression, uniaxial strains inherent to shock compression result in plastic deformation and abundant lattice defects. At high pressures (> 50 GPa), the role of shock-induced deformation and defects remains an open question. Due to the nanosecond time scales in shock experiments, real-time in situ observations of shock-induced lattice defects have been challenging. Here, we present synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements on laser-shock-compressed gold that provide the first unambiguous in situ measurements of stacking faults (SFs), likely formed by partial dislocations, during shock compression. SF abundance increases monotonically with shock compression up to 150 GPa, where SFs comprise almost every 6${}^{th}$ atomic layer. Our results show that SFs play an important role in the plastic deformation of face-centered-cubic metals shocked to high stresses, providing a quantitative benchmark for future theoretical developments.

中文翻译：

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冲击压缩至150 GPa的金的堆垛层错的实时观察

对冲击压缩下获得的高压状态的微观水平的理解，包括与静态压缩的比较，是一项长期而重要的科学挑战。与静水压缩不同，冲击压缩固有的单轴应变会导致塑性变形和大量晶格缺陷。在高压（> 50 GPa）下，冲击引起的变形和缺陷的作用仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。由于在冲击实验中采用了纳秒级的时间标度，因此，对冲击引起的晶格缺陷进行实时原位观察非常具有挑战性。在这里，我们介绍了在激光冲击压缩金上进行的同步加速器X射线衍射测量，该测量提供了在冲击压缩过程中可能由部分位错形成的堆叠断层（SF）的第一个明确的原位测量。${}^{ŤH}$原子层。我们的结果表明，SFs在受到高应力冲击的面心立方金属的塑性变形中起着重要作用，为未来的理论发展提供了定量基准。