Great efforts in clinical and basic research have shown progress in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit hyperactive disorders. Literature on this field have suggested that these disorders are affected by the complex interaction of genetic, biological, psychosocial and environmental risk factors. However, this complexity of interplaying risk factors during neurodevelopment has prevented a complete understanding of the causes of those neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recently, with advances in modern high-resolution neuroscience methods, the neural circuitry analysis approach has provided new solutions for understanding the causal relationship between dysfunction of a neural circuit and behavioral alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review we will discuss recent progress in developing novel optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies to investigate neurodevelopmental disorders.

中文翻译：

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剖析神经发育障碍的神经元基础的当代策略。


临床和基础研究的巨大努力在理解神经发育障碍（如自闭症、精神分裂症和注意力缺陷多动症）的神经生物学机制方面取得了进展。该领域的文献表明，这些疾病受到遗传、生物、心理社会和环境风险因素复杂相互作用的影响。然而，神经发育过程中危险因素相互作用的复杂性阻碍了对这些神经精神症状的原因的完全理解。最近，随着现代高分辨率神经科学方法的进步，神经回路分析方法为理解神经回路功能障碍与神经发育障碍的行为改变之间的因果关系提供了新的解决方案。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论开发新的光遗传学和化学遗传学策略来研究神经发育障碍的最新进展。