Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector globally and protein provisioning from aquaculture now exceeds that from wild capture fisheries. There is clear potential for the further expansion of marine aquaculture (mariculture), but there are associated risks. Some naturally occurring algae can proliferate under certain environmental conditions, causing deoxygenation of seawater, or releasing toxic compounds (phycotoxins), which can harm wild and cultured finfish and shellfish, and also human consumers. The impacts of these so‐called harmful algal blooms (HABs) amount to approximately 8 $billion/yr globally, due to mass mortalities in finfish, harvesting bans preventing the sale of shellfish that have accumulated unsafe levels of HAB phycotoxins and unavoided human health costs. Here, we provide a critical review and analysis of HAB impacts on mariculture (and wild capture fisheries) and recommend research to identify ways to minimise their impacts to the industry. We examine causal factors for HAB development in inshore versus offshore locations and consider how mariculture itself, in its various forms, may exacerbate or mitigate HAB risk. From a management perspective, there is considerable scope for strategic siting of offshore mariculture and holistic Environmental Approaches for Aquaculture, such as offsetting nutrient outputs from finfish farming, via the co‐location of extractive shellfish and macroalgae. Such pre‐emptive, ecosystem‐based approaches are preferable to reactive physical, chemical or microbiological control measures aiming to remove or neutralise HABs and their phycotxins. To facilitate mariculture expansion and long‐term sustainability, it is also essential to evaluate HAB risk in conjunction with climate change.

中文翻译：

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评估有害藻华对海洋养殖和海洋渔业的风险并减轻其影响

水产养殖是全球增长最快的食品部门，水产养殖提供的蛋白质现已超过野生捕捞渔业提供的蛋白质。海水养殖（海产养殖）的进一步发展具有明显的潜力，但存在相关风险。一些天然存在的藻类可以在某些环境条件下扩散，导致海水脱氧，或释放有毒化合物（藻毒素），这些物质可能危害野生和养殖的有鳍鱼类和贝类以及人类消费者。由于有鳍鱼类的大量死亡，捕捞禁令阻止了积累了不安全水平的HAB藻毒素的贝类的出售以及不可避免的人类健康成本，全球这些所谓的有害藻华（HAB）的影响每年约达8亿美元。 。这里，我们对HAB对海水养殖（和野生捕捞渔业）的影响进行了严格的审查和分析，并建议进行研究以找出将其对渔业的影响最小化的方法。我们研究了沿海地区和近海地区HAB发展的因果关系，并考虑了各种形式的海水养殖本身如何加剧或减轻HAB风险。从管理的角度来看，离岸海水养殖的战略选址和全面的水产养殖环境方法具有很大的空间，例如，通过将贝类和大型藻类混在一起来抵消有鳍养殖的营养产出。这种基于生态系统的先发制人的方法优于旨在去除或中和HAB及其植物毒素的反应性物理，化学或微生物控制措施。