Abstract Shear stress on a membrane’s surface is one of the main factors that reduces concentration polarization and fouling and increases salt rejection. Therefore, it is in need to design a support to equally and effectively distribute the shear stress on a membrane’s surface. In this study, sustainable fabrication method: 3D printing was utilized, and a bio-mimetically inspired a novel support composed of honeycombs that has full contact with the membrane surface and creates a shear web to enhance shear distribution in order to decrease fouling and reverse the solute flux of a forward osmosis system is introduced. The results showed that well-distributed shear highly reduced foulant adhesion on the membrane surface and reverse solute diffusion. As the orientations of hexagons also affect shear distribution, they were oriented both vertically and horizontally, and compared with the support of commercially available membrane spacers. The vertically oriented hexagonal-type shear distributing support (V-HEX) showed a better performance in reducing reverse solute flux and in reducing foulant adhesion to 50% compared to the effect of a commercially available spacer (COM). V-HEX was also tested as a draw support and as a feed support combined with the commercially available spacer, and it was still successful in reducing reverse solute diffusion.

中文翻译：

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仿生的 3D 打印蜂窝支撑（垫片），用于减少渗透能驱动膜的反向溶质通量和污染

摘要 膜表面的剪切应力是减少浓差极化和结垢并增加脱盐率的主要因素之一。因此，需要设计一种支撑以在膜表面上均匀有效地分布剪切应力。在这项研究中，可持续的制造方法：利用 3D 打印，仿生启发了一种由蜂窝组成的新型支撑，该支撑与膜表面完全接触并产生剪切网以增强剪切分布，以减少污染并逆转膜表面。介绍了正向渗透系统的溶质通量。结果表明，均匀分布的剪切极大地减少了膜表面上的污垢粘附和反向溶质扩散。由于六边形的方向也会影响剪切分布，它们被垂直和水平定向，并与市售膜垫片的支撑进行比较。与市售垫片 (COM) 的效果相比，垂直取向的六边形剪切分布载体 (V-HEX) 在降低反向溶质通量和将污垢粘附降低至 50% 方面表现出更好的性能。V-HEX 还作为牵引支撑和进料支撑进行了测试，与市售的隔离物结合使用，它仍然成功地减少了逆向溶质扩散。与市售垫片 (COM) 的效果相比，垂直取向的六边形剪切分布载体 (V-HEX) 在降低反向溶质通量和将污垢粘附降低至 50% 方面表现出更好的性能。V-HEX 还作为牵引支撑和进料支撑进行了测试，与市售的隔离物结合使用，它仍然成功地减少了逆向溶质扩散。与市售垫片 (COM) 的效果相比，垂直取向的六边形剪切分布载体 (V-HEX) 在降低反向溶质通量和将污垢粘附降低至 50% 方面表现出更好的性能。V-HEX 还作为牵引支撑和进料支撑进行了测试，与市售的隔离物结合使用，它仍然成功地减少了逆向溶质扩散。